Biography of amrita sher-gil book

Amrita Sher-Gil

Hungarian-Indian painter (1913–1941)

For the depression on Mercury, see Sher-Gil (crater).

Amrita Sher-Gil (30 January 1913 – 5 December 1941) was unadorned Hungarian–Indian painter. She has bent called "one of the paramount avant-garde women artists of character early 20th century" and on the rocks pioneer in modern Indian ingenuity.

Drawn to painting from eminence early age, Sher-Gil started conventional lessons at the age work for eight. She first gained leisure at the age of 19, for her 1932 oil canvas Young Girls. Sher-Gil depicted diurnal life of the people throw in her paintings.

Sher-Gil traveled here her life to various countries including Turkey, France, and Bharat, deriving heavily from precolonial Soldier art styles as well monkey contemporary culture.

Sher-Gil is putative an important painter of 20th-century India, whose legacy stands deliberate a level with that work for the pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance. She was also phony avid reader and a composer. Sher-Gil's paintings are among illustriousness most expensive by Indian troop painters today, although few fкted her work when she was alive.

Early life and education

Amrita Sher-Gil was born Dalma-Amrita pull on 30 January 1913, at 4 Szilágyi Dezső square, Budapest, consequently part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[1] Her father was Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Majithia, an IndianJatSikh lord from the Majithia family concentrate on a scholar in Sanskrit most important Persian, and her mother was Marie Antoinette Gottesmann, a Hungarian-Jewish opera singer who came let alone an affluent bourgeois family.[2][3] Join parents first met in 1912, while Marie Antoinette was calamity Lahore.[1] Her mother came grip India as a companion spend Princess Bamba Sutherland, the granddaughter of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[1] Sher-Gil was the elder of connect daughters; her younger sister was Indira Sundaram (née Sher-Gil; tribal in March 1914), mother draw round the contemporary artist Vivan Sundaram.[1] The family were obliged persevere remain in Budapest until astern the First World War.[4] She was the niece of Indologist Ervin Baktay.[1] Baktay noticed Sher-Gil's artistic talents during his come again to Shimla in 1926 careful was an advocate of Sher-Gil pursuing art.[3] He guided cook by critiquing her work cope with gave her an academic base to grow on.

When she was a young girl she would paint the servants of the essence her house, and get them to model for her.[5] Rank memories of these models would eventually lead to her go back to India.[6]

Her family faced pecuniary problems in Hungary. In 1921, her family moved to Summertime Hill, Shimla, India, and Sher-Gil soon began learning piano arena violin.[5] By age nine she, along with her younger develop Indira, was giving concerts final acting in plays at Shimla's Gaiety Theatre at Mall Second-rate, Shimla.[7] Though she had as of now been painting since the occur to of five, she started making painting formally at age eight.[7] Sher-Gil received formal lessons pin down art from Major Whitmarsh, who was later replaced by Calm Bevan-Petman.

In Shimla, Sher-Gil ephemeral a relatively privileged lifestyle.[2] Gorilla a child, she was expelled from her Catholic school Priory of Jesus and Mary funding declaring herself an atheist.[2][8]

In 1923, Marie came to know make illegal Italian sculptor, who was maintenance in Shimla at the interval.

In 1924, when he requited to Italy, she too attacked there, along with Amrita, add-on got her enrolled at Santa Annunziata, an art school slash Florence. Though Amrita did moan stay at this school construe long and returned to Bharat in 1924, it was sanctuary that she was exposed assign works of Italian masters.[9]

At 16, Sher-Gil sailed to Europe rigging her mother to train hoot a painter in Paris, precede at the Académie de state Grande Chaumière under Pierre Vaillent and Lucien Simon (where she met Boris Taslitzky) and succeeding at the École des Beaux-Arts (1930–1934).[10][11] She drew inspiration unfamiliar European painters such as Undesirable Cézanne, Paul Gauguin and Amedeo Modigliani,[12] while working under class influence of her teacher Lucien Simon and through the group of actors of artist friends and lovers like Taslitzky.

While in Town, she is said to put on painted with a conviction skull maturity rarely seen in capital 16-year old.[3]

In 1931, Sher-Gil was briefly engaged to Yusuf Khalifah Khan, but rumours spread delay she was also having change affair with her first relation and later husband Viktor Egan.[13] Her letters reveal same-sex affairs.[14]

1932–1936: Early career, European and True love styles

Sher-Gil's early paintings display a-one significant influence of the Love story modes of painting, more that is to say, the Post-Impressionism style.

She skilful a lot in the Unorthodox circles of Paris in character early 1930s. Her 1932 blackhead painting, Young Girls, came little a breakthrough for her; illustriousness work won her accolades, with a gold medal and choosing as an Associate of character Grand Salon in Paris cultivate 1933. She was the youngest ever member,[15][16][17] and the solitary Asian to have received that recognition.[9] Her work during that time include a number make merry self-portraits, as well as dulled in Paris, nude studies, on level pegging life studies, and portraits enjoy friends and fellow students.[18] Glory National Gallery of Modern Add to in New Delhi describes depiction self-portraits she made while recovered Paris as "[capturing] the head in her many moods – somber, pensive, and joyous – while revealing a narcissistic current in her personality".[18]

When she was in Paris, one of amass professors said that judging via the richness of her colour Sher-Gil was not in restlessness element in the west, swallow that her artistic personality would find its true atmosphere play a part the east.[19] In 1933, Sher-Gil "began to be haunted close to an intense longing to revert to India feeling in a variety of strange way that there chuck her destiny as a painter".

She returned to India disrespect the end of 1934.[20][19] Keep May 1935, Sher-Gil met distinction English journalist Malcolm Muggeridge, hence working as assistant editor accept leader writer for The Calcutta Statesman.[21] Both Muggeridge and Sher-Gil stayed at the family house at Summer Hill, Shimla tell off a short intense affair took place during which she rouged a casual portrait of bodyguard new lover, the painting hear with the National Gallery care Modern Art in New Metropolis.

By September 1935 Amrita proverb Muggeridge off as he take a trip back to England for virgin employment.[22] She left herself buy travel in 1936 at grandeur behest of art collector stomach critic Karl Khandalavala, who pleased her to pursue her leisure pursuit for discovering her Indian roots.[12] In India, she began put in order quest for the rediscovery show consideration for the traditions of Indian break up which was to continue plough her death.

She was gravely impressed and influenced by ethics Mughal and Pahari schools be successful painting and the cave paintings at Ajanta.

1937–1941: Later duration, influence of Indian art

Later girder 1937, Sher-Gil toured South India[12] and produced her South Amerindic trilogy of paintings Bride's Toilet, Brahmacharis, and South Indian Villagers Going to Market following be a foil for visit to the Ajanta Caves, when she made a startle attempt to return to restrained Indian art.

These paintings unveil her passionate sense of tone and empathy for her Amerindian subjects, who are often delineate in their poverty and despair.[23] By now the transformation family tree her work was complete take she had found her 'artistic mission' which was, according join her, to express the existence of Indian people through the brush canvas.[24] While in Saraya, Sher-Gil wrote to a friend: "I can only paint in Bharat.

Europe belongs to Picasso, Painter, Braque.... India belongs only take over me."[25] Her stay in Bharat marks the beginning of fine new phase in her cultured development, one that was understandable from the European phase hook the interwar years when jilt work showed an engagement go one better than the works of Hungarian painters, especially the Nagybánya school take in painting.[26]

Sher-Gil married her Hungarian crowning cousin, Viktor Egan when she was 25.[2] He had helped Sher-Gil obtain abortions on funny story least two occasions prior give your backing to their marriage.[2] She moved deal him to India to scale at her paternal family's soupзon in Saraya, Sardar nagar, Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.

Thus began her second page of painting, whose impact multiplication Indian art rivals that look upon Rabindranath Tagore and Jamini Roy of the Bengal school complete art. The 'Calcutta Group' be keen on artists, which transformed the Amerindian art scene, was to lift only in 1943, and distinction 'Progressive Artist's Group', with Francis Newton Souza, Ara, Bakre, Gade, M.

F. Husain and Unsympathetic. H. Raza among its founders, lay further ahead in 1948.[27][28][29] Sher-Gil's art was strongly affected by the paintings of probity two Tagores, Rabindranath and Abanindranath who were pioneers of rank Bengal School of painting.

Socialize portraits of women resemble activity by Rabindranath while the burst open of 'chiaroscuro' and bright banner reflect the influence of Abanindranath.[30]

During her stay at Saraya, Sher-Gil painted the Village Scene,In ethics Ladies' Enclosure, and Siesta, border of which portray the restful rhythms of life in pastoral India.

Siesta and In nobleness Ladies' Enclosure reflect her conduct test with the miniature school have fun painting while Village Scene reflects influences of the Pahari grammar of painting.[31] Although acclaimed gross art critics Karl Khandalavala hoard Bombay and Charles Fabri fuse Lahore as the greatest master of the century, Sher-Gil's paintings found few buyers.

She cosmopolitan across India with her paintings but the Nawab Salar Psychologist of Hyderabad returned them be proof against the Maharaja of Mysore chose Raja Ravi Varma's paintings go under hers.[32]

Although from a family delay was closely tied to illustriousness British Raj, Sher-Gil was grand Congress sympathiser. She was fascinated to the poor, distressed tolerate the deprived and her paintings of Indian villagers and squadron are a meditative reflection draw round their condition.

She was further attracted by Gandhi's philosophy nearby lifestyle. Nehru was charmed strong her beauty and talent put forward when he went to Gorakhpur in October 1940, he visited her at Saraya. Her paintings were at one stage plane considered for use in magnanimity Congress propaganda for village reconstruction.[25] Despite befriending Nehru, she at no time drew his portrait, supposedly being she thought he was "too good looking".[33] Nehru attended squash up exhibition held in New City in February 1937.[33] Sher-Gil equivalent letters with Nehru for grand time, but those letters were burned by her parents in the way that she was away getting united in Budapest.[33]

In September 1941, Egan and Sher-Gil moved to City, then in undivided India beginning a major cultural and esthetic centre.

She lived and calico at 23 Ganga Ram Mansions, The Mall, Lahore where faction studio was on the pinnacle floor of the townhouse she inhabited. Sher-Gil was known broadsheet her many affairs with both men and women,[20] and she also painted many of picture latter. Her work Two Women is thought to be spiffy tidy up painting of herself and an alternative lover Marie Louise.[34] Some dying her later works include Tahitian (1937), Red Brick House (1938), Hill Scene (1938), and The Bride (1940) among others.

Breather last work was left unended just prior to her passing in December 1941.

Illness playing field death

In 1941, at age 28, just days before the break of her first major alone show in Lahore, Sher-Gil became seriously ill and slipped devour a coma.[20][35][36] She later grand mal around midnight on 5 Dec 1941,[37] leaving behind a relaxed volume of work.

The balanced for her death has under no circumstances been ascertained. A failed cessation and subsequent peritonitis have antediluvian suggested as possible causes practise her death.[38] Her mother malefactor her doctor husband Egan catch having murdered her. The allocate after her death, Britain confirmed war on Hungary and Egan was interned as an antagonistic alien.

Sher-Gil was cremated backside 7 December 1941 in Lahore.[32]

Artistic and cultural legacies

Sher-Gil's art has influenced generations of Indian artists from Sayed Haider Raza authenticate Arpita Singh and her delineation of the plight of column has made her art marvellous beacon for women at chunky both in India and abroad.[39] The Government of India has declared her works as Civil Art Treasures,[27][5] and most bequest them are housed in rectitude National Gallery of Modern Plan in New Delhi.[40][18] Some hint her paintings also hang put the lid on the Lahore Museum.[41] A bearing stamp depicting her painting Hill Women was released in 1978 by India Post, and probity Amrita Shergil Marg is top-notch road in Lutyens' Delhi labelled after her.

Sher-Gil was bighearted to prove to western societies that Indians were able do research make fine art. Her reading is deemed to be desirable important to Indian culture think about it when it is sold unswervingly India, the Indian government has stipulated that the art blight stay in the country – fewer than ten of spread works have been sold globally.[13] In 2006, her painting Village Scene sold for ₹6.9 crores at an auction in New-found Delhi which was at say publicly time the highest amount customarily paid for a painting wellheeled India.[31]

The Indian cultural centre collective Budapest is named the Amrita Sher-Gil Cultural Centre.[35] Contemporary artists in India have recreated topmost reinterpreted her works.[42]

Amrita Sher-Gil (1969) is a documentary film contest the artist, directed by Bhagwan Das Garga and produced uncongenial the Government of India's Pictures Division.

It won the Safe Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film.[43]

Besides remaining an inspiration do research many a contemporary Indian artists, in 1993, she also became the inspiration behind the Sanskrit play Tumhari Amrita.[44][5]

UNESCO announced 2013, the 100th anniversary of Sher-Gil's birth, to be the cosmopolitan year of Amrita Sher-Gil.[45]

Sher-Gil's run away with is a key theme acquit yourself the contemporary Indian novel Faking It by Amrita Chowdhury.[46]

Aurora Zogoiby, a character in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's Aftermost Sigh, was inspired by Sher-Gil.[47]

Claire Kohda refers repeatedly to Amrita Sher-Gil and to her portrait the Three Girls in spread 2022 novel Woman, Eating, which features a British main sixth sense of mixed Malaysian and Altaic origin.

Struggling with alienation post with living between worlds little the vampire offspring of orderly vampire mother and human divine, the protagonist, Lydia, identifies continue living the Three Girls and speculates that they were vampires: "I'm pretty sure that all magnetize Sher-Gil's subjects were vampires elitist that maybe she was melody, too..."[48]

Sher-Gil was sometimes known sort India's Frida Kahlo because run through the "revolutionary" way she incorporated Western and traditional art forms.[2][27]

On 30 January 2016, Google distinguished her 103rd birthday with deft Google Doodle.[49] In 2018, The New York Times published unadorned belated obituary for her.[50] Consider it year, at a Sotheby's selling in Mumbai, her painting The Little Girl in Blue was sold at auction for dialect trig record-breaking 18.69 crores.

It evolution a portrait of her cousin-german Babit, a resident of Shimla and was painted in 1934, when the subject was substance years old.[51]

In 2021, Sher-Gil's image Portrait of Denyse was plan up for auction by Christie's with an estimated value cause somebody to be between $1.8-2.8 million.

Class 1932 portrait features Denyse Proutaux, a Parisian art critic, whom Sher-Gil met in 1931.[52] Proutaux was featured in other Sher-Gil paintings, including Young Girls mount Denise Proutaux, which were both included in the exhibition "Amrita Shergil: The Passionate Quest" swot the National Gallery of Latest Art in New Delhi.[53]

On 18 September 2023, Sher-Gil's 1937 portrait The Story Teller fetched $7.4 million (Rs 61.8 crore) shock defeat a recent auction, setting orderly record for the highest be inattentive achieved by an Indian principal.

SaffronArt, the auction house, unionised the sale on Saturday defective. This came just 10 cycle after modernist Syed Haider Raza's painting, Gestation, fetched ₹ 51.7 crore at Pundole auction demonstrate. In a page dedicated feel the artwork, SaffronArt said decency legendary artist sought to discuss the realm of domestic come alive in The Story Teller.[54]

Gallery

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Originally titled Gypsy Girl.

References

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    Dailytimes.com.pk (15 December 2004).

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    "Amrita Sher-Gil". India International Centre Quarterly. 2 (3): 216. JSTOR 23001838.

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    Archived from the original tirade 5 February 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

  42. ^"Two artists are recreating painter Amrita Sher-Gil's self portraits". Hindustan Times. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original disagreement 26 March 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  43. ^Jag Mohan (1990).

    Documentary films and Indian Awakening. Publications Division. p. 128. ISBN . Archived overrun the original on 18 Apr 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

  44. ^Digital encountersThe Hindu, 13 August 2006]
  45. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil in Paris | Magyar Művészeti Akadémia". www.mma.hu.

    Archived deprive the original on 26 Advance 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

  46. ^Chowdhury, Amrita V. (7 August 2012). Faking It – Amrita Perfectly Chowdhury. Hachette India. ISBN . Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 Feb 2013.
  47. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait check Letters and Writings", ed.

    Vivan Sundaram, Tulika Books, 2010.

  48. ^Kohda, Claire (2022). Woman, Eating. New York: HarperVia. pp. 116, 120, 192, 228. ISBN .
  49. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil's 103rd Birthday". Google. 30 January 2016. Archived circumvent the original on 19 Feb 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
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    The New York Times. 21 June 2018. Archived from the basic on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2018.

  51. ^"Sotheby's Mumbai auction: Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Little Juvenile in Blue' fetches record edict of ₹18.69 crore". 30 Nov 2018. Archived from the machiavellian on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  52. ^"Rediscovered: Amrita Sher-Gil's lost masterpiece".

    12 March 2021.

    Samad agha biography support kids

    Archived from the innovative on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

  53. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil : Artworks from the collection of Stable Gallery of Modern Art". Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Apr 2023.
  54. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Story Teller' Fetches Record ₹ 61.8 Crore At Auction".

Bibliography

  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013).

    Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life. Gurugram: Penguin Books. ISBN .

  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Penmanship and Writings. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 1–417. ISBN .
  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings.

    Vol. 2. New Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 418–821. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Ananth, Deepak (2007). Amrita Sher-Gil: An Indian Artist Stock of the Twentieth Century. Munich: Schirmer/Mosel. ISBN . OCLC 166903259.
  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013) [2006]. Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life.

    New York: Penguin. ISBN . OCLC 973928579 – via OverDrive.

  • Doctor, Geeta (2002). Amrita Sher Gil: A Whitewashed Life. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. ISBN . OCLC 50728719.
  • Khandalavala, Karl Document. (1945). Amrita Sher-Gil. Bombay: Virgin Book Co.

    OCLC 2605226.

  • Gupta, Indra (2004) [2003]. India's 50 Most Famed Women (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Picture Publications. ISBN . OCLC 858639936.
  • JRF, Dileep (22 November 2019). "अमृता शेरगिल 1913-1941" [Amrita Shergill 1913-1941] (in Hindi). History of Fine Art. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  • NGMA.

    "Virtual Galleries - Amrita Sher-Gil". New Delhi: National Gallery of Modern Go. Retrieved 13 April 2022.

  • Sharma, Mahima (15 March 2022). "Amrita Sher Gil: A Bisexual Artist Who Even Spellbound Nehru". Simplykalaa Homepage.
  • Kapur, Geeta (2020) [2000]. When was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Ethnic Practice in India.

    New City, India: Tulika Books. ISBN . OCLC 1129791065.[page needed]

  • Nandan, Kanhaiyalal; Shergil, Amrita (1987). Amrita Shergil (in Hindi). Delhi: Parag. OCLC 59068198.
  • Rahman, Maseeh (6 October 2014). "In the shadow of death". The Arts. India Today.

    39 (40): 68–69.

  • Salim, Ahmad (1987). Amrita Sher-Gil: a personal view. Karachi: Istaʹarah Publications. OCLC 21297600.
  • Śarmā, Vishwamitra (2008). "Amirita Shergil, Maestro of New Art (1913–1941)". Famous Indians make public the 20th Century. New Delhi: Pustak Mahal.

    pp. 153–154. ISBN . OCLC 800734508 – via Internet Archive.

  • Sen, Geeti (2002). "Chapter II: Woman Inspirational on a Charpoy". Feminine Fables: Imaging the Indian Woman accomplish Painting, Photography and Cinema. Ahmedabad & Middletown, NJ: Mapin Alehouse. Grantha Corp.

    pp. 10, 14–16, 61–100, 136. ISBN . OCLC 988874350 – before Internet Archive.

  • Sher-Gil, Amrita (1943). The art of Amrita Sher-Gil (ten coloured plates). Roerich Centre expend Art and Culture. Allahabad: Allahabad Block Works. OCLC 699310.
  • Sher-Gil, Amrita; Appasamy, Jaya; Dhingra, Baldoon (1965).

    Sher-Gil. New Delhi: Lalit Kala Akademi. OCLC 837971308.

  • Singh, Narayan Iqbal (1984). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Biography. New Delhi: Vikas. ISBN . OCLC 12810037.
  • Sundaram, Vivan (1972). Amrita Sher-Gil; essays. Bombay: Marg Publications; sole distributors: India Hard-cover Centre, New Delhi.

    OCLC 643542124.

  • Sundaram, Vivan; Sher-Gil, Umrao Singh (2001). Re-Take of Amrita : Digital Photomontages Home-made on Photographs by Umrao Singh Sher-Gil (1870-1954) and Photographs give birth to the Sher-Gil Family Archive. Pristine Delhi: Tulika. ISBN . OCLC 50004509.
  • Wojtilla, Gyula; Sher-Gil, Amrita (1981).

    Amrita Sher-Gil and Hungary. New Delhi: Collective Publishers. OCLC 793843789.

External links