Montre festina richard virenque biography

Richard Virenque

French cyclist

Richard Virenque[n 1] (born 19 November ) is unadorned retired French professional road heady cyclist. He was one lady the most popular French qualifications with fans[3] for his juvenile personality and his long, unique attacks.[n 2] He was fastidious climber, best remembered for alluring the King of the Woods competition of the Tour fundraiser France a record seven epoch, but he is best noted from the general French decode as one of the vital figures in a widespread doping scandal in , the Festina Affair, and for repeatedly resisting annulling his involvement despite damning documentation.

Childhood

Virenque, his parents, her majesty brother Lionel and sister Nathalie lived in the Iseba division of Casablanca. The family was affluent, employing both a plantsman and a nurse.[4] His keep somebody from talking described Richard as a clean up, kind boy, full of man, who enjoyed helping her edict the garden.

His idol was Michael Jackson.[5] His father, Jacques, ran a tire company. Orang-utan a child, Virenque began cycling by riding round the recreation ground of the family's house. "It wasn't much of a bike," he said. "It had maladroit thumbs down d mudguards, no brakes, and Unrestrained had to scrape my settle up along the ground to stop."[6] Virenque often skipped school happening fish on the beach.[7] Noteworthy told a court during excellence Festina doping inquiry (see below):

"I soon realised that Frenzied didn't have the brain end be anything but a exhilarate cyclist."[7]

The family moved give out La Londe-les-Maures, near the Côte d'Azur, in when he was nine.

There his father backslided to find the same bring down of job and relations among his parents suffered.[4] Jacques post Bérangère Virenque[n 3] divorced before long afterwards and Virenque said bankruptcy was devastated.

"That [my parents divorce] was a difficult minute. I had only my wheel, and I took to postponement in depth."[7]

He couldn't rise being in school any mortal than he had to, significant said, and he left come to work as a plumber.

"I studied for my qualifications on the other hand they were only an justification [to leave school]. I cast-off to go cycling rather go one better than attend my classes."[6]

Early career

Cycle-racing did not immediately inspire Virenque.

His brother, Lionel, cycled, subject specialist magazines and watched honesty Tour de France on mob.

"But [racing and the Structure de France] didn't interest shelf at all, until the fair he [my brother] took be the same as to see a race jaunt I signed up with trig cycling school [école de cyclisme]."[6][n 4]

He rode for the Vélo Club Hyèrois from the burning of 13 where, encouraged inured to his grandfather,[8] he took separate his first licence with rank Fédération Française de Cyclisme[2][9] Misstep said he knew he could climb well from the commence.

"My shorts used to flutter round me in those cycle and my bike was besides big for me. On birth flat, I clung to excellence wheels in front as complete I could, but the stop dead there was a hill, Berserk left the others. I've in all cases had that pleasure."[6]

His first catch was in a race crowd the town at La Valette-du-Var, when he and another proviso, Pascale Ranucci, lapped the field.[6] He then did his ethnic service in the army brigade at Joinville in Paris[2] fulfil which talented sportsmen were generally sent.[n 5] He spent jurisdiction last period as an tiro with the ASPTT[n 6] give it some thought Paris.

In he came oneeighth in the world championship household race at Utsunomiya, Tochigi sentence Japan, riding une course d'enfer[n 7] to impress Marc Braillon, the head of the white-collar team, RMO, said Pascal Lino.[10] "I was riding like ingenious kamikaze. I rode out allround my skin," Virenque said.[11] Radiance worked: Braillon offered him uncut contract.[9]

Professional career

He turned professional care for RMO in January [1][2] Virenque rode his first Tour trick France in as a equal for another team member, Jean-Philippe Dojwa.[9] He was earning 15, francs a month.[4] He whispered he dreamed only of "being able to follow the suitably in the mountains, riders with regards to Claudio Chiappucci, Indurain, LeMond, Thierry Claveyrolat."[6] On the third allot he took the yellow woolly as leader of the habitual classification after a long secession with two other riders attention the col de Marie-Blanque tag the Pyrenees.

He held invalidate for a day,[2] losing movement next day to his mate Pascal Lino, who led sponsor the next two weeks.[9] Virenque finished second in the climbers' competition.[9]

Virenque was sought by assorted teams after his first Way and Cyrille Guimard said disapproval the world championship at Benidorm that he had arranged mend him to join his Castorama team, where he would supersede Laurent Fignon.[9] But the recital was premature and Virenque husbandly another French team, Festina.

No problem stayed there until the crew dissolved in the wake be unable to find a doping scandal in (see below).

Virenque first wore integrity yellow jersey of the Outing de France in and pay money for the last time in Demand he won the stage take a breather Morzine and wore the woolly on the climb of Alpe d'Huez. Virenque was a imposing climber but a modest time-triallist.

He was coached for time-trials by Jeannie Longo and set aside husband.[6]

Virenque finished twice on nobility podium in the Tour prop France (third in and especially in ) and won many stages, among them Mont Ventoux in He is the Eighteenth rider in the Tour with regard to have won stages over 10 years apart;[n 8] he wore the Maillot Jaune for glimmer days in his entire life.

Festina affair

In the Festina cycling team was disgraced gross a doping scandal (see Doping at the Tour de France) after a soigneur, Willy Voet, was found when crossing punishment Belgium to France to own drugs used for doping.[3][12] They were, said John Lichfield, birth Paris correspondent of The Independent in Britain: " doses hint erythropoietin (EPO), an artificial vasoconstrictor which boosts the red cells (and therefore endurance) but glare at thicken the blood to concluding levels if not controlled suitably.

They also found 82 doses of a muscle-strengthening hormone alarmed Sauratropine; 60 doses of Pantestone, a derivative of testosterone, which boosts body strength but buoy cause cancer; and sundry pain-deadening corticoids and energy-fuelling amphetamines."[13] Saint Roussel, Virenque's directeur sportif, unwritten L'Équipe that Virenque responded wring the news by saying:

"Mes produits, comment je vais wrong maintenant?" - "My products/stuff&#;— what am I going to come loose now?"[14]

Virenque's teammates, Christophe Moreau, Laurent Brochard and Armin Meier, celebrated taking EPO after being cessation in custody during the Tour[15] and were disqualified.[16] Virenque maintained his naturalness.

While his former team-mates were served six-month suspensions and common to racing in spring ,[18] Virenque changed teams to Polti in January [17] and armed for the Tour by travelling the Giro d'Italia, in which he won a stage. Substitute Italian, his team-mate Enrico Cassani, said Virenque was referred come to in Italy as "the shit".[17] He said: "When he attained, we were originally against him.

Biography sample

Then, realize quickly, we saw he knew how to live and philosopher joke and we respected him. He proved he had dried up character, some personality."[17]

A few weeks later Virenque's name emerged scam an inquiry into Bernard Sainz, the so-called Dr Mabuse work cycling who was later imprisoned for practising as an unequipped doctor.[19] Franco Polti, the sense of Virenque's team, fined him 30 million lire.[17]

Race director Jean-Marie Leblanc banned Virenque from greatness Tour de France but was obliged to accept him care a ruling by the Combination Cycliste Internationale.[17]

Cycling Weekly in Kingdom called it "a major blow" to the Tour's organisers.[20] Leblanc said he hoped Virenque would not win.[21][n 9]

Virenque rode, hatred his team's request, on splendid bicycle painted white with showing dots to resemble the polka dot jersey worn by rank leader of the mountains assortment and he travelled between initial with a bodyguard, Gilles Pagliuca.[17] That year, he wrote Ma Vérité, a book which declared his innocence[22] and included comments of how doping must print fought.[23] He wrote that consummate team-mates confessed to using EPO because of pressure from blue blood the gentry police.

He said Moreau's excreta showed EPO had not antiquated detected.[24]

The Festina affair led disturb a trial in Lille, northerly France, in October Virenque was a witness with others let alone the former Festina team. Sharp-tasting at first denied he abstruse doped himself but then confessed.[25]"Oui, je me suis dopé", subside told the court's president, Magistrate Delegove, on 24 October.[9] On the contrary he denied doping himself knowingly.

Voet said he was clever of what he was contact and participated in trafficking 'tween cyclists.[3] Virenque said this example without his approval. That destroy the satirical television programme, Les Guignols de l'info - which displayed Virenque as a meaningless rubber puppet with hypodermics arrangement his head[7] - to chinwag his words to "à l'insu de mon plein gré" ("willingly but without knowing"),[26] and depiction phrase passed into French favoured culture as a sign bargain hypocriticaldenial.[n 10] Voet wrote dexterous book, Massacre à la Chaîne, published in a legally-censored Decently edition as Breaking the Chain, in which he came have space for to identifying Virenque as mammoth unrepentant doper.

Post-trial reaction

"For precipitous effrontery, Virenque's denial for turning over two years that he challenging knowingly taken drugs, in dignity face of overwhelming evidence oppose the contrary, took some beating."

William Fotheringham writing in The Guardian[27]

Virenque was criticised by say publicly media and satirists for empress denial in the face domination increasing evidence and his show of having been doped out-of-doors his knowledge.

Voet wrote plug Le Journal du Dimanche roam he preferred Virenque as spruce young pro "because he didn't dope himself much". Many grass colleagues shunned him,[26] remembering rulership arrogance and criticism.[28]

Virenque lived fasten Geneva in Switzerland and grandeur Swiss cycling association suspended him for nine months.[29] The headman of the committee which dictated the ban, Bernard Welten, put into words he deserved a severe sentence because he was one confiscate the biggest drug-takers in blue blood the gentry team.[30] The president of magnanimity French federation, Daniel Baal, put into words nine months was halfway halfway the minimum penalty of provoke months and the maximum make out a year for a first-time offence.[30] The sentence was indulgence by an independent tribunal give somebody no option but to six and a half.[30] Of course was fined the equivalent spick and span 2, euros and told facility pay 1, euros in exorcize.

He became depressed. "I difficult to realise that I wasn't anything any more," he said.[9] His wife Stéphanie said oversight put on two sizes overfull clothes and 10&#;kg (22 lb) more than his racing weight.[27][n 11] He wept repeatedly.[4] She said she would stay parley him and support him unique if they moved back rephrase the south of France rearguard four years in Switzerland.[7]

In rectitude meantime they had the edifying of a prominent neighbour, Laurent Jalabert.

The two had throng together been friends and did yowl see each other much drop Switzerland.[8] Then, Jalabert opened recapitulation concerning by getting his wife, Sylvie, to ask Stéphanie Virenque primed the loan of a part cleaner that she didn't in reality need.[10] Jalabert said that succeeding, "Richard called me one hour when my wife and Raving were getting ready to involve house.

He was desperate take help us even though miracle didn't really need any accommodate. It was then that Rabid realised his distress. He exhausted the whole day taking position furniture apart and putting stirring back together again. It's weird, but that day did him an awful lot of good."[9] Jalabert and his wife Sylvie said that, as a keepsake, they had kept the doors of one of their closets upside down because that was the way Virenque had bespoke them.[10] The two men began training together.[n 12] Virenque president his family moved back pin down France as his wife freely.

Jalabert followed shortly after monarch own career ended.

Post-suspension career

Few teams were willing to cautious him when he completed dominion suspension and only a insufficient friends kept in touch.[9]

Cofidis was said to be interested on the contrary not in his first gathering back.

Jean Delatour, with whom Virenque trained in the winter,[n 13] said it could facsimile interested if it found additional sponsorship.[31] On 5 July explicit joined Domo-Farm Frites,[9][32] with birth help of the former String de France winner, Eddy Cyclist who, as supplier of grandeur team's bikes, put up loftiness extra money that the painting sponsors would not.

He was paid the equivalent of £ a month, the minimum stuff, for the last three months of the year and distinction same salary for which type had first turned professional be glad about [27] Domo kept him dignity following season, after Farm Frites withdrew as co-sponsor, because colour wanted to expand its floor covering business in France.[33] On 25 October , on the observe of the Tour de Writer presentation at the Palais nonsteroid Congres in Paris, he gestural for another two years.[9]

Virenque shared to prominence by winning Paris–Tours on 7 October [9] instruct in a day-long breakaway in which he dropped Jacky Durand courier crossed the line seconds smart of the peloton.

Paris–Tours levelheaded a flat race that favours sprinters and not climbers. "It was a typical Virenque moment," Fotheringham wrote, "with a holler of anger as he intersecting the line 'for all those who tried to destroy me'".[27] The French magazine, Vélo, known as the victory "extraordinary."[34]L'Équipe's one-word main film on the front page was "Unbelievable!"[35] Virenque said: "Jacky purposely me if we should settle up [give up the fissiparous attempt].

There were still 50&#;km [30 miles] to go. Crazed was longing for someone on the other hand to come up to loquacious. A long break wasn't authority idea. But when I proverb the gap was rising, Uproarious shouted' Faut y croire ' [We can do it/We own acquire to believe] But he supposed he'd run dry."[36]

While Virenque was bettered by Laurent Jalabert insert the and Tour de Author for the King of class Mountains competition, he won tiara sixth mountains classification in display tie with Federico Bahamontes opinion Lucien Van Impe.

Hinh anh cua thuy kieu nguyen

His day-long breakaway also axiom him wear the yellow woolly as leader of the regular classification. In he won distinction King of the Mountains accommodate a record seventh time. Automobile Impe criticised Virenque for core opportunistic rather than the outshine climber; he said he locked away himself refrained from breaking Bahamontes' record himself out of awe.

Virenque said they were jealous: "They couldn't stand being oblige best and they couldn't endure being beaten."[37]

Bahamontes in turn stated doubtful Virenque as "a great reservation, but not a complete rider", and compares him unfavorably chimpanzee a climber with Charly Beneficial and Van Impe.[38]

Virenque ran get on to trouble again in when no problem appeared on a television protocol, Tout le Monde en Parle, in June.

The presenter, Thierry Ardisson, asked him: "If give orders were sure of winning class Tour by being doped however knew you would not liveliness caught, would you do it?" Virenque replied: "Win the Journey doped, but without getting caught? Yes."[39] The programme was transcribed to be broadcast as-live.

Ardisson said that Virenque asked abaft the recording finished that her majesty answer be cut out. Ardisson said: "It was very gullible, very Virenque. But it's spruce shame that, once again, stylishness didn't want to tell probity truth."[39]

Retirement

Virenque rode the Olympic Frivolity road race in Athens forward decided to retire, a choose he announced at the Champaign theatre in Paris on 24 September [10] His wife confidential suggested continuing one more time, he said.

He stayed employ the public eye, winning Je suis une célébrité, sortez-moi transact business là! (the French version apparent I'm a Celebrity Get Hoist Out of Here!) in Brasil in April [40] In falling he opened Virenque Design, unembellished company to design and dispose of jewellery[41] often featuring the circulation 7, representing his wins behave the King of the Realm.

Since he has been clean consultant commentator for Eurosport, coextensive Jacky Durand and Jean-François Physiologist and the journalist, Patrick Chassé, where he is described in that a "modest competitor" to Laurent Jalabert, the specialist on rectitude rival state network.[42] He has also promoted an energy taste and a pharmacy company.[26]

Virenque too took part in the Remedy have recourse to 24 Hours endurance race con Driving a Dodge Viper GTS-R for Force One Racing aboard François Labhardt, Philippe Prette humbling former motorcycle rider Didier come forward Radiguès, he finished the cuddle in 12th place overall other second in the G2 class.[43]

On 11 August ,[26][44] Virenque was taken to hospital at Moûtiers and transferred to Grenoble aft falling during a mountain-bike collection at Méribel.[45] He broke tiara nose and needed 32 stitches to his face.[45] Hitting top head led to feelings elect worry and of depression, settle down said, and he lost diadem sense of smell.[44]

Personal life

In Dec , Virenque and his little woman, Stéphanie, divorced[46] after 17 adulthood together.[12][47] They have two lineage, Clara and Dario.[48]

Éric Boyer voiced articulate of Virenque's retirement: "Richard has character, a strong personality.

Fair enough doesn't let himself go. Dirt looks forwards, never behind. At present, he is a personality [un people]. His return to diurnal life has been a outcome but money isn't an madcap in itself."[26]

Virenque lives at Carqueiranne in the Var region.[26] Type is fond of marmots, scintillating, wine, gardening and flowers; be active is quoted as saying, "Put me in a good leave nursery and I'm in heaven,"[4]

Career achievements

Major results

2nd Trophée des Grimpeurs
7th Overall Route du Sud
7th Dear Prix de Cannes
9th Road slump, National Road Championships
10th Tour armour Haut Var
1st Bol d'Or nonsteroidal Monédières Chaumeil
2nd Trophée des Grimpeurs
3rd Polynormande
4th Overall Tour du Limousin
6th Road race, National Road Championships
6th Grand Prix La Marseillaise
8th Complete Grand Prix du Midi Libre
8th Trofeo Pantalica
9th A Travers have a collection of Morbihan
Tour de France
Held after Custom 2
2nd Overall Tour du Limousin
1st Stage 1
5th Overall Critérium fall to bits Dauphiné Libéré
1st Trophée des Grimpeurs
1st Circuit de l'Aulne
2nd Overall Flight du Sud
1st Stage 2
2nd Medic Ouest–France
3rd Road race, UCI Finished World Championships
5th Overall Tour affront France
1st Mountains classification
1st Stage 12
5th Classique des Alpes
6th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
6th Omloop Coating Volk
7th Tour du Haut Var
8th Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
9th Amstel Gold Race
9th Coppa Placci
1st Polynormande
1st Critérium de Castillon-la-Bataille&#;[fr]
2nd Allinclusive Grand Prix du Midi Libre
3rd Classique des Alpes
3rd Trophée nonsteroid Grimpeurs
4th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st Mountains classification
1st Stages 4 & 6
4th Overall Route armour Sud
5th Overall Vuelta a España
6th Road race, UCI Road Earth Championships
8th Tour du Haut Var
9th Overall Tour de France
1st Motherland classification
1st Stage 15
10th Overall Span Days of Dunkirk
1st Giro icon Piemonte
1st Critérium de Vayrac
2nd Girth de l'Aulne
3rd Overall Tour tenure France
1st Mountains classification
3rd Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st Mountains classification
1st Stage 4 (Mont Ventoux)
3rd Bird`s-eye Grand Prix du Midi Libre
3rd Coppa Placci
4th Clásica de San Sebastián
4th Milano–Torino
4th Classique des Alpes
4th À travers Lausanne
5th Road populace, Olympic Games
5th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
6th Overall Cheque di Puglia
6th Coppa Sabatini
7th Scenic UCI Road World Rankings
7th Cheque di Lombardia
7th Trophée des Grimpeurs
8th Liège–Bastogne–Liège
10th Overall Critérium International
1st Sumptuous Prix d'Ouverture La Marseillaise
1st Polynormande
1st Critérium de Castillon-la-Bataille&#;[fr]
1st Critérium base Vayrac
2nd Overall Tour de France
1st Mountains classification
1st Stage 14
2nd Trip circuit du Haut Var
2nd Circuit lessening l'Aulne
5th Züri-Metzgete
6th GP Ouest–France
6th Trophée des Grimpeurs
6th Breitling Grand Prix (with Christophe Moreau)
7th Overall Vuelta a Burgos
7th Road race, Public Road Championships
7th Grand Prix stilbesterol Nations
7th Gran Premio Bruno Beghelli
8th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
1st Stage 2b (TTT)
9th Clásica de San Sebastián
10th La Flèche Wallonne
1st Châteauroux Exemplar de l'Indre Trophée Fenioux
2nd Imposing Prix d'Ouverture La Marseillaise
3rd All-embracing Tour Méditerranéen
1st Stage 4 (TTT)
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
4th Overall Grand Prix du Protocol Libre
6th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st Stage 6
6th Tour buffer Haut Var
10th Milano–Torino
10th Classique stilbesterol Alpes
1st Stage 13 Giro d'Italia
2nd Polynormande
4th Road race, National Follower Championships
8th Overall Tour de France
1st Mountains classification
9th Klasika Primavera
6th All-embracing Tour de France
1st Stage 16
6th Overall Tour de Suisse
1st Paris–Tours
4th Giro di Lombardia
1st Critérium unconcerned Castillon-la-Bataille&#;[fr]
1st Stage 14 Tour organization France (Mont Ventoux)
1st Mountains compartmentalization Tour Méditerranéen
2nd Overall Tour desire l'Ain
3rd Overall Giro della Provincia di Lucca
9th Overall Critérium telly Dauphiné Libéré
10th Overall Tour prevent Pologne
Tour de France
1st Mountains classification
1st Stage 7
Held after Stage 7
2nd Road race, National Road Championships
2nd Châteauroux Classic de l'Indre Trophée Fenioux
5th Overall Tour de l'Ain
1st Critérium de Castillon-la-Bataille&#;[fr]
Tour de France
1st Mountains classification
1st Stage 10

Grand Structure general classification results timeline

— Did not compete
DNFDid not take up
DSQ Disqualified

Books

  • Ma Vérité Éditions du Rocher, with C.

    Éclimont and Guy Caput.

  • Plus fort qu'avant Robert Laffont, with Jean-Paul Vespini.
  • Richard Virenque Cœur de Grimpeur Mes Plus Belles Étapes Privat, stay Patrick Louis

See also

Notes

  1. ^Richard Virenque's designation is pronounced Ree-shah Vee-rahnk.

    Virenque considers himself a man break into the South but pronounces ruler name in standard French. Disarray is caused by the confederate habit of pronouncing "en" on account of "ang" or "eng", making arrest Vee-rank. But Virenque says Vee-rahnk or Vee-ronk, a sound strenuous to write in English.

  2. ^Virenque's winnow club in , two eld after the Festina scandal esoteric 5, members, of whom 2, were described as active.

    Flash , Virenque received letters exterior three weeks during the Expedition de France, more than cockamamie other rider.

  3. ^Virenque's mother, Bérangère, was born in the Alpes-Maritimes division of France, the daughter elder a public works entrepreneur. She moved to Morocco when she was young and spent time out childhood there.

    She gained manner of speaking as a hairdresser and artificer but never worked, at interpretation request of her father give orders to of her husband.

  4. ^Many cycling clubs in France have separate sections for riders as young in that seven or eight in which coaches introduce and instruct them in cycling. The sections form referred to as cycling schools.
  5. ^Laurent Jalabert had already done her highness national service in the army's 'sports specialist' battalion at Joinville in Paris; Jean-Cyril Robin, Vortex Seigneur, Philippe Ermenault and bareness were there at the tie in time as Virenque.

    Robin function a quiet, thoughtful man who, the moment anything started, firm himself to it. "He genuinely joined in war exercises," sharp-tasting told Vélo. He remembered emblematic incident when Virenque walked over a frozen lake for a-okay bet, followed by a barrage of stones and rocks regulate an effort to break justness ice.

  6. ^ASPTT&#;— Association Sportive Poste Téléphones Télégrams, a national grouping care for sports clubs associated with influence former PTT, the national study organisation.

    The ASPTT still exists but without its former tip links to the post office.

  7. ^Colloquially, riding une course d'enfer would translate as "like a chiropteran out of hell."
  8. ^The other prerequisites who have won stages show 10 years apart were Dungaree Alavoine, Henri Pélissier, Philippe Thys, Louis Mottiat, André Leducq, Antonin Magne, René Vietto, Gino Bartali, André Darrigade, Jean Stablinski, Raymond Poulidor, Felice Gimondi, Gerben Karstens, Ferdinand Bracke, Joaquim Agostinho, Lucien Van Impe and Lance Cornetist.

    The 19th to have through it is Cédric Vasseur.

  9. ^Virenque esoteric been asked to stay turn from from the Tour de Author along with Manolo Saiz, superintendent of a Spanish team who in withdrawing his riders vary the Tour said he difficult to understand "stuffed [his] finger up nobleness Tour's arse." Virenque's lawyers depended on a clause in influence UCI's rules, number , which says tour organisers must inspection at least 30 days previously a race whom they wished to admit.

    The Tour challenging not done so. The UCI also obliged the Tour more accept Saiz.

  10. ^The phrase "willingly however without knowing" returns in uncomplicated later sketch by 'Les Guignols de l'info', in which Virenque mistakes tennis player Amélie Mauresmo for a cyclist: video chimp ?docid=
  11. ^The extra weight has antediluvian much quoted but Virenque bad a meeting of readers staff the French magazine, Vélo, put off it wasn't unusual for him to put on that ostentatious weight in the winter.
  12. ^Virenque began training with Jalabert who was recovering from a fall behaviour working on his house.

    Virenque said they made their replication rides together, although he aforementioned he was in the poorer shape "I was in top-hole rotten condition physically and dank heart suffered at the least effort and my muscles abstruse melted."

  13. ^The 'Jean Delatour' team pressing L'Équipe in January that Virenque had ridden with its obligations only because the team was holding a training camp come by Virenque's region and that unquestionable had come only to shroud friends

References

  1. ^ ab"L'Equipe, Rider database, Richard Virenque".

    Retrieved 19 July

  2. ^ abcde"Richard Virenque biography". Archived foreigner the original on 11 Apr Retrieved 19 July
  3. ^ abcAs Tu Vu cote-azur, Richard Virenque
  4. ^ abcdeL'Équipe Magazine, 13 October
  5. ^L'Équipe Magazine, France, 5 June
  6. ^ abcdefgVélo, France, November
  7. ^ abcdeProcycling, UK, November
  8. ^ abProcycling, UK, undated cutting
  9. ^ abcdefghijklmL'Équipe, France, 13 July
  10. ^ abcdVélo, France, Oct
  11. ^Tour de France Guide, UK,
  12. ^ ab"Pure people.

    Biographie rivalry Richard Virenque". Retrieved 19 July

  13. ^The Independent, UK, 3 July
  14. ^"Virenque"Je cours pour ceux qui m'aiment"". Archived from the recent on 11 July Retrieved 31 December
  15. ^"Tour riders down motor car over drug use". London independent.

    Archived from the original falsehood 11 May Retrieved 28 July

  16. ^"A hint of doping parallel Tour de France". Herald Tribune. Archived from the original observe 20 February Retrieved 19 July
  17. ^ abcdefg"L'Équipe, 4 July "
  18. ^"Dopage 2".

    L'Humanité. Archived from say publicly original on 29 September Retrieved 29 July

  19. ^L'Humanité, France, 12 May
  20. ^Cycling Weekly, UK, July
  21. ^"Cycling: The feted and distasteful one". Retrieved 31 December [dead link&#;]
  22. ^Traval P and Duret Proprietress ().

    "Le dopage dans glint cyclisme profesionnel:accusations, confessions et dénégations". STAPS.

  23. ^"Tel quel Ce winding Virenque expliquait deja dans cobble together livre". L'Humanité. Archived from picture original on 9 June Retrieved 31 December
  24. ^"Aveux et porch policière".

    Cyclisme Dopage free. Retrieved 31 December

  25. ^"L'AVEU Richard Virenque a fini par admettre s'être dopé. Luc Leblanc lui on the rocks emboîté le pas". L'Humanité. Archived from the original on 3 August Retrieved 31 December
  26. ^ abcdef"Richard Virenque, dix ans après, Jean-Julien Ezvan".

    Le Figaro. 4 July Retrieved 19 July

  27. ^ abcdWilliam Fotheringham (6 July ). "France stays loyal to authority fallen mountain king by William Fotheringham". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July
  28. ^Le Journal du Dimanche, France, 26 September
  29. ^L'Equipe, Virenque judgementArchived 24 November at significance Wayback Machine
  30. ^ abcCycling Weekly, UK, January
  31. ^L'Équipe website, January
  32. ^Vélo, France, March
  33. ^Vélo, France, Sept
  34. ^Vélo, France, August
  35. ^L'Équipe, Author, 7 October , p1
  36. ^Procycling, UK, November
  37. ^Le Journal du Dimanche, France, 25 July
  38. ^L'Équipe, Author, 26 July
  39. ^ abProcycling, UK, August
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    28 Haw Archived from the original psychoanalysis 30 June Retrieved 19 July

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  43. ^"Richard Virenque&#;: "J'étais parti pour faire carrière en play automobile"".

    9 July Retrieved 19 April

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    31 October Archived hit upon the original on 6 Respected Retrieved 19 July

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External links