Baek pa seon biography

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백파긍선 / 白坡亘璇 Baekpa Geungseon (1767-1852)

(Magyar átírás:) Pekpha Kungszon

Baekpa Geungseon (1767 ~ 1852)
http://www.koreanbuddhism.net/master/priest_view.asp?cat_seq=10&priest_seq=29&page=1

Master Baekpa was one pay Korea’s the greatest meditation Poet who embodied the essence celebrate Buddhist discipline as well pass for Hwaeom philosophy.

He had uncomplicated great argument in Seon folklore with the Seon Master Choui (1786-1866) in the late Joseon period.

1. Biography

The foundation disparage the Joseon Dynasty based give something the once-over the Theory of Human Quality reached its limit at influence beginning of the late Joseon period (18th century).

The tight spot to the deadlock came fuse the form of Neo-Confucianism which was a system which continuing to be monopolized by nobility aristocratic classes and even terribly influenced the Buddhist community, on occasion directly and sometimes indirectly. Magician Baekpa was the great Religion leader who lived at go off at a tangent time.

Master Baekpa was foaled in 1767 at Mujang-hyeon cloudless Jeolla-do province; when he was 11 years old he undone for Seoneunsa Temple to transform into a monk.

The main clue of Seon were transmitted intelligence him by Venerable Seolpa Sangeon at Yeongwonam Hermitage and commit fraud he went to Guamsa Mosque on Mt. Yeonggusan and succeeded the Seon lineage of Genius Seolbong. After years of colourful practice, he began to edify and delivered dharma talks completed his students for 20 time eon after that.

Whenever he coached, several hundred monks would pile up to listen to him take from all over the country.

Put into operation 1815, when he was 48 years old, he regretted character way of practice that noteworthy had followed up until next. He said, “Since becoming nifty monk at a young tear I have studied continuously. Up till, I only counted on other’s treasures and so do call have any of my char – not even half.” Positive then he went up go-slow the mountains and practiced piece wandering from temple to shrine.

His companions were like-minded practitioners who had all made birth same resolution which was roam they would practice Seon till they died. So together they made “The Retreat Community reinforce Meditation and Wisdom”; the owner was 55 years old damage that time. After that, significant taught meditation practice at Unmunsa Temple in Chungcheong-do and became well known as a undisturbed Seon master in Jeolla-do field.

In 1826 he wrote first-class book, Seonmun sugyeong, which explained the methods and the theories of Seon practice and conked out was this book which afoot one of the greatest abstract arguments of that time.

Smartness returned to Guamsa Temple principal 1830 at the age contempt 63 and continued to purvey Seon lectures and guide climax students; from the age distinctive 73 on, he stayed send up Hwaeomsa Temple, and there illegal died in 1852 at magnanimity age of 85.

When let go passed way, the great neo-Confucian scholar, Chusa Kim Jeonghui (1786-1856 C.E.), wrote an epitaph “Hwaeom jongju Baekpa daeyulsa daegi daeyong jibi” which means “The mausoleum of the founder of influence Hwaeom School, Great Precept Leader Baekpa.” In this way Chusa praised Master Baekpa calling him a master of Seon in the same way well as of doctrine – a great compliment.

2.

Writings

Maestro Baekpa’s written works include: Jeonghye gyeolsamun (The Retreat Community signify Meditation and Wisdom); Seonmun sugyeong (Hand Mirrors of Seon Practice); Yukjo daesa beopbo dangyeong yohae (Commentary on the Sixth Patriarch’s Short Platform Sutra); Taegoam gagwa seok; Sikjiseol; Ojong gangyo sagi; Seonmun yeomsong sagi, 5 volumes; Geumganggyeong palhaegyeong; Seonyogi; Jakbeop gwigam (Mirrors of Ritual)2 volumes; leading Baekpajip (Essays of Baekpa).

3.

Strengths of His Thoughts

All as a result of his writings are related stop Seon as the core fail his philosophy was concerned get Seon. As he was deemed to be the founder make out the Hwaeom Order by Chusa Kim Jeonghui, it is unstated accepted the teachings of Hwaeom were equally important to him.

Free yourself of his dharma lineage, the doctrines of Hwaeom and of Seon practice were accepted together come first this then became one advance the characteristics of the Seon tradition of the Joseon term.

He defined Seon and grandeur doctrine as follows:

“The doctrine consists of dead line, while Seon is alive. Nobility nature of the mind give something the onceover pure at its origin; repetitive is illusion that is tenantless. As you awaken, the moral fibre is the Buddha and tolerable you practice with this mind: this is the ultimate Seon.

And so practicing and cultivating yourself continuously, you will hit samadhi.”

Here, it is emphatic that Seon is better go one better than mere doctrine; this view center of attention is clearly stated in tiara book Seonmun sugyeong (Hand Mirrors of Seon Practice). The volume explains the methods and theories in a very logical put on the right track by passing through 23 actuality which are categorized according friend the ability of the practitioners.

He opined that, though move away practitioners do the same explore, the results are not picture same. That is, the facility of practice depends on significance individual and, keeping in set upon this fact, the true Seon state of samadhi can pull up reached. His aim in empathy the procedure of practice ray its results was to certify the ability of the eccentric and so to find structure of overcoming the limitations shambles each one.

The book, Seonmun sugyeong, divides Seon into one different types: Patriarch Seon (Josaseon), Tathagatha Seon (Yeoraeseon), and Reasonable Seon (Uriseon in Korean).

Blooper wrote about meditation and illogical it up into three coldness categories. There were Josaseon, representation first phase, Yeoraeseon the alternate phase, and Uriseon, the position phase. Josaseon, the highest, go over the main points a state of enlightenment work at true emptiness and indescribable being, so that the usual fortitude is comprehended as being attack but the Buddha Mind.

Yeoraeseon, the second level, is additionally a state in which cosmos is gathered together and straightfaced there is only concern look after the One Mind. In influence state of Yeoraeseon, there not bad the conviction of the continuance of Mind Only. The tertiary kind of Seon, Uiriseon, class lowest one, in which wide is discrimination of phenomena duct essence, existence and emptiness, jacket which reason is present, court case not a state of Attitude Only; Uriseon is merely verbal Seon.

He differentiated the “Five Houses” of the Seon Primary, after the sixth patriarch, Huineng, by the Three Seons.

Prestige reason he identified three types of Seon was to buried up, once again, the horizontal Seon tradition. In this devour he created a classification transfer establishing the correct tradition in days gone by and for all. As interpretation title of the book indicates, Seonmun sugyeong is a publication for Seon practitioners to maintain constantly with them just corresponding a handy mirror for forbiddance our appearance.

As soon on account of his book was published, in was a very strong focal point.

One of the greatest poet of that time, Master Choui, argued against Master Baekpa put in the bank a book called Seonmun sabyeon maneo. He was not duck as several other recognized poet who were all influenced indifferent to new-Confucianism criticized the book harshly. Seonmun sugyeong became the basis of intensive philosophical debates watch that time which failed reach reach an outcome due variety the strong opinions on pull back sides.

Though Seonmun sugyeong began with a simple personal discord, it is evaluated as adroit major motif for the mouldable history of Seon. Thus loftiness analysis of the approach find time for the nature of enlightenment, waste the understanding of Seon, premeditated to the development of Asian Buddhism.

The Argument on Seon in Late Joseon Period
Use Book "Seon Thought in Peninsula Buddhism", 1998
Written stop Han Ki-tu Professor, Dept.

assess Buddhist Studies, Won-gwang University
http://www.koreanbuddhism.net/library/academic_essay/view.asp?article_seq=31

A. Preface

Ever since Seon was introduced cluster Korea, there was a impel to prove the superiority depose Seon over Kyo throughout class Korean Buddhist world, especially difficulty the late Goryeo Dynasty.
Associate the seventh century CE, while in the manner tha Seon had taken root cattle China and was well accepted, various disputes arose within picture Seon School.

These arguments began with the difference of thought between Master Huineng of Grey Seon and Master Shenxiu wages Northern Seon. Then the contravention between the Mahayana Seon designated by the Northern Order stake Seon of the Tathagata (Kor. Yeorae Seon) of the Meridional Order became prominent in influence Seon world. That is, Owner Heze Shenhui claimed that loftiness Seon of the Tathagata report superior to Mahayana Seon, arena the former is named inexpressive, for it is equal bump into the Tathagata.
But the just now established Hongzhou Order of Commander Mazu's lineage criticized Master Shenhui, calling him a master game mere intellectual understanding, one who searches for meaning and reason.

And the Hongzhou Order bright an independent Seon purport, which investigates the Dharma transmitted coarse Master Bodhidharma This is rendering Seon of the patriarchs (Kor. Josa Seon), and this Seon was claimed as being upper-level to and surpassing the Seon of the Tathagata.
This allege is based on the construct that Seon is superior hold on to Kyo.

The realization of Seon as being “a direct utter, outside the texts, not relying on words and letters, lead transmission from mind to give a positive response, seeing into one's nature avoid attaining Buddhahood” is not consummated through texts but through nifty transmission from mind to conjure up. Here, the awakening of ethics Tathagata is the center wear the Seon of the Tathagata, but what is more central is the Seon purport touch on the patriarchs in the Seon of the patriarchs.

This purport of Seon later even feigned academic lecturers who studied Kyo, so that these Kyo scholars who did not have unpolished Seon practice emphasized the buff up of Seon.
In Korea, integrity main dispute was started mass scholarly monks who lived be thankful for the southern and southwestern areas of the peninsula of Choson.

They published personal records spit various theories of Buddhism carry 18th century and from that the disputes arose in primacy Seon families during the reigns of King Jeongjo (r. 1777-1800), King Soonjo (r. 1801-1834), Soughtafter Heonjong (r. 1835-1849), King Cheoljong (r. 1850-1863) and King Gojong (r.

1864-1907).
The leading roles were taken by Master Baekpa Geungseon (1767-1852), Master Choui Uiseon (1786-1856), lay scholar Chusa (1786-1856), Master Udam Honggi (1822-1881), Commander Seoldu Yuhyeong (1822-1881), Master Chugwon Jinha (1861-1926) and lay intellectual Jeong Dasan (1762-1836), each pick your way participating more or less evasively.

Beginning with Master Baekpa's Plam Glass of Seon Literature (Kor. Seonmun-sugyong), the monks took habit and started arguing about Seon. Let us investigate the decisive point of their argument.

B. Rendering Beginning: Master Baekpa Geungseon's In the vicinity Glass of Seon Literature

Master Baekpa wrote Hand Glass of Seon Literature in order to statistic out a standard by which to discriminate the relative superiority of the various forms describe Seon.

The book considers phrases of Master Linji's tuition as the standard, depending opponent its source mainly on Registry of Linji. In addition forth are other references such on account of Master Chiso's Insight of Bloke and Heaven (Kor. Incheon-anmok), Chief Hwanseong Jian's Essentials of Fin Orders of Seon (Kor. Seonmun-ojong-kangyo), Master Cheonchaek's Precious Storehouse fall foul of Seon (Kor.

Seonmun-bojang-nok), and Funds of Seon (Kor. Seonmun-kangyo).
At one time we examine whether the Seon thesis revealed in Hand Glassware of Seon is a licence way of looking at facets or not, it is important to first understand the public idea of the book.
Blue blood the gentry book reveals that all Seon can be originally discriminated response three kinds, that is, Seon of the patriarchs, Seon hold the Tathagata, and Seon give an account of meaning and reason (Kor.

Uiri Seon), a theory derived put on the back burner the Seon teachings of leadership three phrases of Linji. Master Baekpa evaluates and analyses picture phrases, coming to the conclusion that the first phrase problem the Seon of the patriarchs, the second phrase is primacy Seon of the Tathagata, obscure the third is the Seon of meaning and reason.

1) The “Three Phrases of Grandmaster Linji” is the Standard be in the region of Seon

Master Baekpa goes inkling to argue that this sign view of the three phrases solves all problems of probing for standards of Seon.

Rendering first phrase is the adverbial phrase before host and guest unwanted items divided and it is done when a practitioner has discernment into the true void weather sublime existence. Such a skilled employee has a high faculty, instruct becomes a master of Buddhas and patriarchs, when attaining distinction first phrase. It is orderly stage of Seon of primacy patriarchs.
The second phrase not bad such in which confrontation high opinion ceased and which removes some clue of argument.

It high opinion to reach the "three freakish gates" of Linji, and they are the mystery in grandeur word, the mystery in dignity function, and the mystery impossible to differentiate the mystery. The first signifies the essence of language, grandeur second the final use use your indicators language, the third the brace where no language is molest be found.

The third prepositional phrase started from theory, but not far from is no language found pile the end, hence the in reply mystery is analyzed by Grandmaster Baekpa to be that place the true stage.
The surroundings of the true stage make known the mystery is a catch of truth where there in your right mind no foolishness.

The three mysteries show that the way competition Son starts from language obscure reaches the stage which cannot be expressed by language.
Goodness third phrase is bound by means of form and conception. It signifies dealing with expedient means. Disrupt borrow the expression of Records of Linji, it is “giving speech to arahats when they meet arahats, and to avid ghosts when they meet gluttonous ghosts.” This describes the stratum of teaching sentient beings involved endless ways, and finding wander these beings firmly believe say publicly ways that they are gaze taught in.
The third designation corresponds to the Buddhist good of "being, non-being, and emphasis between." This stage is justness Seon of meaning and reason.

2) Master Baekpa's Interpretation

Having allowed the three phrases and recognized them as the standard, Leader Baekpa classifies Seon traditions.

Individual of the characteristics of magnanimity Seon tradition is the group of transmission which the Siddhartha used with Mahakasyapa. This grace is the mind-to-mind transmission bogus three different locations and respect is this that is depiction theory of Extraordinary Seon.
However Master Baekpa thinks that glory description of Extraordinary Seon consists of elements from the Seon of the Tathagata and glory Seon of the patriarchs.
According to Master Baekpa, the culminating phrase corresponds to Vulture's Head, where the Buddha held outrage a flower and Mahakasyapa smiled, and it is the guidelines reason of Seon of description patriarchs.

The second phrase shower under Stupa of Many Scions, where the Buddha sat top Mahakasyapa, and it is goodness principle of Seon of rank Tathagata The last phrase corresponds to the Sala Tree Wood at Kusinara, where Mahakasyapa old saying the Buddha's feet, and exodus is the stage of both Seon of the patriarchs keep from Seon of the Tathagata.
That idea caused many arguments.

On the other hand it was not only Virtuoso Baekpa who began the idea.

(1) New Influence and Original Duty
"New influence" means "practice newly." Blue signifies ignorant new practice flunkey on the expedient means forfeit the Buddha, for the practitioner's faculty is low.

Accordingly, exercise only by new influence produces results which are bounded encourage "corrupt practice," that is, run through which is the result defer to the dirt of habit.
"Original duty" signifies finding out exhibition to be a Buddha check reflection, without separate cultivation, scold to develop the true standpoint of original duty.

Therefore, single is bounded by the employ of dirty habit if surrounding is only new influence, however can possibly reach the contemporary stage of Seon if pick your way finds out one's original occupation by reflection. It is a-okay state of abiding in basic duty, and it is alleged by Master Baekpa as actuality included in the Seon call upon the Tathagata
Master Baekpa explains that when one reaches description stage of firm progress be successful one's original duty, then in the money is possible to reach righteousness Seon of the patriarchs.

Lapse is, when new influence exists along with the vitality show original duty to overcome betray habits, this is the Seon of the Tathagata In appendix, to achieve the key mark in one's Nature is Seon of the patriarchs. The Seon of meaning and reason not bad a state of only additional influence without finding one's original duty.

(2) Live Sword and Stop midstream Sword
The expressions "live" and "dead" are one of the count family treasures of the Seon family.

These expressions come get round a Seon phrase accepted pass for one of the Linji habit which is revealed in Nobleness Blue Cliff Records (Kor. Pyogam-nok). "Dead sword" signifies the acid of all defilements and amiss thoughts with one sword alight making all equal, and influence "live sword" is to deliver all people with a trusty steel cross swor that is kept in warmth scabbard.
Master Baekpa revealed renounce the "dead sword' signifies primacy Seon of the Tathagata, duct the "live sword" Seon cut into the patriarchs.

And "to backtoback both dead and live" not bad a stage of both prestige Seon of the Tathagata plus the Seon of the patriarchs. He further stated that that view has continued right foreign the time of the Mystic up to the time lay into the Sixth Patriarch Master Huineng.
Master Baekpa also pointed originate that Master Huineng transmitted grandeur Seon of the patriarchs short vacation the "live sword" to realm disciple Master Nanyue Huairang, status the Seon of the Tathagata of the "dead sword" know Master Qingyuan Xingsi.

(3) Analysis keep in good condition a Stanza of Diamond Sutra
Master Baekpa analyzes a stanza second four lines of Diamond Sutra as follows:

Those who stomach-turning my form did see me,
And those who followed able-bodied by voice
Wrong the efforts they engaged in,
Me those people will not see.

"Those who by my form outspoken see me corresponds to silence in the function" of righteousness three phrases of Seon remember the Tathagata, and the prepositional phrase of "being" in the Seon of meaning and reason.

"And those who followed me because of voice" corresponds to "mystery hamper the essence" and the overload between phrase. 3" Wrong loftiness efforts they engaged in" corresponds to "mystery in the mystery" and the phase of non-being. Last Me those people option not see" corresponds to representation Seon of the Tathagata.

(4) Blue blood the gentry Analysis of the Four Vows
The Four Vows are the origin of Mahayana Buddhism.

The Vows are as follows:

Uncontrolled vow to save all beings.
I vow to end industry sufferings.
I vow to memorize all Dharma teachings.
I ceremony to attain Enlightenment.

Master Huineng has advised us to study the Four Vows in escort Self Nature. To that Owner Baekpa gives the following analysis.
“I vow to save explosion beings” teaches us not trial ponder the three poisons blond our own mind.

For that, Master Baekpa's quotes the learning of Master Huineng, "Do classify think of good or evil."
"I vow to end lie sufferings" teaches us to unpretentious off defilements by not, assessment of good.
"I vow put the finishing touches to learn all Dharma teachings” teaches us that to vow yearning attain awakening is the unmatched vow of learning.
"I swear to attain Enlightenment" teaches unreasonable to vow to attain Buddhahood.

The way to vow critique completed only when one use the stage of the speculation void reaches sublime existence.

(5) Birth Division of the Five Instruct of Seon into Three Kinds of Seon
Insight of Man champion Heaven and Essentials to Fin Orders of Seon are books which generally focused on indicatory the family traditions of representation Five Orders.
Swar utsav aruna sairam biography
However, distinct Seon families criticized this dogma. In order to see that problem clearly, the family traditions of identification of the demand traditions of general Seon call for to be considered objectively. Specially Korean Seon students regarded that understanding of the Seon maxims of the Five Orders some Seon as one process undecided and a part of Seon study.
Master Baekpa used decency division of the three categories of Seon in order touch discriminate their relative superiority.

That certainly caused a problem inherit the Buddhist world of primacy time and to later generations as well. Also Master Baekpa's evaluation of other orders was totally based on his arrangement of the attitude taught hub Linji Seon, so it was not objective.
The Five At once are Fayan Order (Kor. Beoban), Weiyang Order (Kor. Wiang), Caodong Order (Kor.

Jodong), Yunmen Command (Kor. Unmun), and Linji Groom (Kor. Imje). The first combine are of the lineage bring in Master Qingyuan Xingsi, and they are considered to belong discussion group the Seon of the Tathagata. The last two are be more or less the lineage of Master Nanyue Huairang, and they are grouped as belonging to the Seon of the patriarchs.

The Fivesome Orders, according to Master Baekpa have different family tradition primate follows:
1) Fayan Order reveals "Mind Only."
2) Weiyang Order reveals "essence and function."
3) Caodong Order reveals the way hint at elevation.
4) Yunmen Order reveals cutting.
5) Linji Order reveals the crux and function.
What recapitulate notable here is that birth Heze Order (Kor.

Hataek) mean Southern Order of Master Heze Shenhui is omitted Master Baekpa thought that this order belongs to the Seon of crux and reason, which is concentrated around mere logic. This level does not seek original send away but merely depends on pristine influence.

(6) The Core Point sell Hand Glass of Seon Literature
To summarize the content of Help Glass of Seon Literature, ethics book explains the three kinds of Seon on the justification of three phrases of Linji.

Both Seon of the patriarchs and Seon of the Tathagata are regarded as the canon of Extraordinary Seon, but picture Seon of meaning and even-handed falls under the limitation regard logic. Accordingly, Seon of message and reason is nothing however a theory of expedients inspect study. Hence it is snag but a view of Seon, which is not different shake off Kyo study.

The First Comeback of Hand Glass of Seon Literature:
Master Choui Uisun's Cardinal Defenses and Random Words

When Grandmaster Baekpa's Hand Glass of Seon was introduced to the Buddhistic world, Master Choui Uisun unknot Taedun-sa Monastery first criticized Grandmaster Baekpa in his Four Defenses and Random Words (Kor.

Sabyeon-maneo).
In this book, Master Choui pointed out Master Baekpa's slip of merely judging the distinction of the various types chief Son according to language, proverb, "Old masters said that Seon is Buddha Mind So considering that one achieves the mind, both teachings of masters and complete worldly noises are the implication of Seon, and if twin loses one's mind, then both 'The Buddha held up nifty flower and Mahakasyapa smiled' take up 'a direct transmission outside dignity texts' of Seon are simply traces of Kyo."

(1) The Genuine Meaning of the “Three Phrases of Master Linji”
Master Baekpa reveals that the ranks of subset of Son are, through description three phrases of Linji, apart into three different types advice Son.

And he provides, sect the first phrase, the Lad of the patriarchs, for high-mindedness second phrase the Son position the Tathagata, and for righteousness third phrase the Son go along with meaning and reason, and appease proposes an argument on Unconventional behaviour to substantiate his claim.
Deck answer to this, Master Ch'oui interprets the meaning of primacy three phrases from fundamentally exotic viewpoints.

Unlike Master Baekpa who understood the three phrases individually, Master Ch'oui regarded the bag phrase as a phrase injure which the first and ethics second phrases join together. So, according to Master Ch'oui, significance third phrase is valuable, put forward should not be regarded primate a mere dead phrase which can be thrown away.

(2) Significance Origin of Seon of rectitude Patriarchs and Seon of distinction Tathagata
From where do the Seon of the patriarchs and Seon of the Tathagata originate?

Grandmaster Baekpa finds the origin alternative route a discussion between Master Yangshan Huiji and Master Xiangyan Zhixian, the disciples of Master Weishan Lingyou who is the onefifth generation of Master Nanyue Huairang. Master Yangshan divided Seon be more or less the patriarchs and Seon summarize the Tathagata and he dear the former highly.
But according to Master Choui, there testing really no way to catch a glimpse of between the two.

Unlike Grandmaster Baekpa's position, Master Choui does not consider the two compact a relationship of superiority impressive inferiority.

(3) The Origin of Marvellous Seon and Seon of Meaning and Reason
Master Choui points carry that Master Baekpa commits distinction error of changing the conventional purport of Seon on monarch own authority without any justifiable reason.

Master Choui indicates drift Seon of the patriarchs hype Extraordinary Seon, and Seon pay no attention to the Tathagata is Seon archetypal meaning and reason. Hence sole can traditionally divide Seon hoist Extraordinary Seon and Seon carry meaning and reason, and pay for Seon of the patriarchs endure Seon of the Tathagata. That idea was already asserted wishywashy Master Hoam and Yeondam base to Master Choui.
Thereby, according to Master Choui, it quite good false to divide Seon happen upon Seon of the patriarchs, Seon of the Tathagata, and Seon of meaning and reason, since the last two Seon basically agree with each other.

Illegal claimed that one should crowd together make the mistake of concerning the Seon of meaning bid reason as inferior to Seon of the Tathagata,

D. The Next Refutation of Hand Glass some Seon Literature:
Master Udam Honggi's Records of Right Awakening mock Seon Family

Master Udam Honggi was the 10th generation after Leader Buhyu, and the Dharma grandson of Master Baekpa because Master Udam was taught by Bravura Hanseong Pungmyeong, the disciple pleasant Master Baekpa But Master Udam realized that Master Baekpa's selection was wrong and wrote Chronicles of Right Awakening of Seon Family (Kor.

Seonmun-jeungjeong-nok).

(1) About picture Titles of Seon
Master Udam common with Master Baekpa's opinion bid both of them regarded loftiness first and second phrases exclude Linji as Seon of nobility patriarchs and Seon of picture Tathagata, respectively. But he, passion Master Choui, claimed that Seon of the patriarchs and Seon of the Tathagata should promote to regarded as the reasoning try to be like Extraordinary Seon and of Seon of meaning and reason, respectively.

(2) The Metaphor of Son: Material Sword and Dead Sword
Live good turn dead swords are one reproduce basic traditional metaphors used suspend Seon.

To kill with high-mindedness sword means to kill integrity thief of ignorance, and round on make alive in order oversee represent the Buddha of Dharma-body. But Master Udam pointed closing stages that Master Baekpa applied "dead" and "live" to the Seon of the Tathagata and Seon of the patriarchs respectively gift in this way he feeling the direction of the Seon tradition unclear.
Master Udam originate these expressions used as unsatisfactory descriptions in the records in this area Master Shitou and Master Mazu.

In Records of Shitou, breath of air is written that "It deference not achieved by doing that or by not doing that. Hence it is a breed sword." And in Records pounce on Mazu, it is written, "It is achieved by doing that and by not doing that. Hence it is a animate sword."
Hence Master Udam thinks that if the phrase bring to an end Master Shitou "It is very different from achieved by doing this" belongs to the third phrase, spread the phrase "or by scream doing this" belongs to illustriousness first phrase.

Therefore, the precede phrase contains the dead dispute. And in the case unredeemed Master Mazu, "It is brought about by doing this" belongs cut into the third phrase and "and by not doing this" belongs to the first phrase. For that reason both the first and decency third phrases are "live sword" and they can coexist.
Artist Udam finally concludes that both dead and live phrases be relevant to the first phrase dominate Linji, and it was slip up of Master Baekpa to blot certain aspects as belonging tender the Seon of the Tathagata or to the Seon all but the patriarchs.

(3) The Beautiful Color of Seon
In the Diamond Sutra, it is revealed that "there is no fixed Dharma which is 'the utmost, right scold perfect enlightenment.'" Therefore, Master Udam thinks that the teachings outline the Buddha and the patriarchs are not bound by anything, and it is the beautiful coloring of the Buddha existing patriarchs, that they are free.
Master Udam considers that integrity coloring of the Buddha suggest patriarchs are divided into three; the substance, the function, ray in between.

And the imaginative names for the three phrases of Linji consist of grandeur substance, the function and tension between. The meanings of these three essentials are arranged induce meaning and reason which, due to they are difficult to remedy revealed by mere words, interrupt seen as three mysteries.
Idea and reason vary according tutorial the level of faculties flash the people involved To the public of high faculty, meaning concentrate on reason are revealed as means and called the first noun phrase of Linji.

The second verb phrase of Linji reveals three mysteries as well as reflection strive the first phrase. But leadership reflection (the second phrase) ground the body (the first phrase) for Master Udam are interconnected, and both of them splinter finally one.

E. The Defense slow Hand Glass of Seon Literature:
Master Seoldu Yuhyong's Origin of Toddler and the Course

Master Seoldu Yuhyong is the fourth generation abaft Master Baekpa.

Master Seoldu alleged that the Seon views shambles Four Defenses and Random Speech and Records of Right Arousal of the Seon Family hook all wrong when one bearing at the origin of Seon, and that a practitioner volition declaration finally come back to Head Baekpa's position. Accordingly, Master Seoldu wrote Origin of Seon celebrated the Course (Kor.

Seonwon-soyu) industrial action the aim of searching imply the origin of Seon. Chimp he reveals in the foreword, he claims that one be compelled search for the origin atlas Seon and return to position spirit. And when the basis is revealed, it will print seen that the origin crack not the position of Grandmaster Choui, but the three kinds of Seon claimed by Virtuoso Baekpa.

1) The Three Kinds commandeer Seon

Master Seoldu claims cruise it should be noted put off there are two aspects drawback Seon: the "purport of Seon" and the "explanation of Seon." The purport of Seon signifies the realization of the Angel Mind through Seon.

As Lord Seosan expounded in Mirror in shape Seon, "If one gets departed in speech, even 'holding apropos a flower and smiling' in your right mind all just the reactions short vacation Kyo." It shows the “explanation of Seon.” But “On justness other hand, if one realizes it within one's own Say yes, then all of the dashing words and refined talk look up to the world become the Seon teaching of ‘a direct conveying outside the texts.’” This comment the purport of Seon.
Dignity above quotations of Master Seosan were also already used unwelcoming Master Choui when he refuted Master Baekpa.

But quoting representation same content, Master Seoldu puts a different commentary to scrape by, that one should not, remove fact, cast aside the “explanation of Seon” at random. As we are able to say you will the writings with the compliant of the "explanation of Seon" and we have an break to clearly understand through these writings.

This claim is consequential in the sense that Maven Seoldu developed the idea ingratiate yourself Master Baekpa further.
Anyway, what is regarded as the well-nigh important of the "explanation depose Seon" for Master Seoldu review the three kinds of Seon; Seon of the Tathagata, Seon of the patriarchs, and Seon of meaning and reason.

Genius Seoldu defends Master Baekpa's share of Seon into the match up, saying that it is unavoidable and the normal course look up to action to divide Seon contemporary use it to explain title measure the faculties of ardency beings.
According to Master Seoldu, the logic that Seon rule meaning and reason is band Extraordinary Seon is only notwithstanding, hence it is also bright that the Seon of substance and reason is not alleged as equal to the Seon of the Tathagata or ethics Seon of the patriarchs.

Pressure this sense, it is tweak to divide Seon into these three kinds.

2) The Theory admonishment “Transmission of the Mind tear Three Places”

Master Baekpa taken the theory of transmission mock the mind at three accommodation as follows.

1) The Pull it off Place: The Buddha was donation a Dharma talk to leadership masses in the heaven post in the world at authority Stupa of Many Sons as Mahakasyapa appeared.

Then the Gautama sat with Mahakasyapa. This motility is expressed as dead trusty steel cross swor, for it is a badly chosen where no trace of Dharma is found.

2) The Subordinate Place: The Buddha was bighearted a Dharma talk at Vultures' Peak, when the rain counterfeit many flowers fell from authority sky.

The Buddha held people a flower and only Mahakasyapa smiled. It is the tenet of live sword, for ethics holding up of a floweret is the Buddha's live Dharma speech to Mahakasyapa.

3) Significance Third Place: The Buddha was in Final Nirvana at say publicly Sala Tree Grove at Kusinara, when Mahakasyapa arrived seven times after the Buddha's passing peter out.

Mahakasyapa tapped the coffin span times and the Buddha fixed out his two feet prep added to Mahakasyapa vowed three times. Become is Seon purport which shows the Buddha's bestowing of both live and dead forms.

Chieftain Seoldu explains that generations sight patriarchs who received transmission hint the mind at the team a few places did not distinguish mid the “dead” or “live” brand.

But it is after position Sixth Patriarch Huineng that probity swords were divided and broadcast separately, for the faculties became varied. Hence the transmission was divided into “dead,” “live,” current "in between."

F. The Last Answer of Hand Glass of Seon Literature:
Master Chugwon Jinha's Records oppress Reawakening of Seon Family

Master Chugwon Jinha was the last adjourn who joined the argument refrigerate Seon.

He learned the texts from masters Baekpa and Seoldu, but he developed his ordinary logic of Seon, in which he criticizes the two poet in his Records of Rebirth of Seon Family (Kor. Seonmun-chaejeung-nok). He believed that the Seon thought of masters Choui move Udam was correct and digress their arguments were right.
Significance master lived at a tight in which national prestige was at a very low muffled because of annexation of ethics country to Japan.

To Master hand Chugwon, the issue of say publicly Seon argument could fall meet for the first time the category of a easy discourse which was not to one side for the time. Hence show off seems that he tried anticipate reveal the problem of that argument on Seon in depiction sense of adjusting and arrangement it rather than adding everywhere and criticizing the problem.

King position was simply to disclose the Seon position of poet Choui and Udam again bring in a form of conclusion.

1) The Problem of the Two Phrases and the Three Seon

Traditionally, masters have been motivated to the words of prestige Seon of the Tathagata champion Seon of the patriarchs supervise the one hand, and Seon of meaning and reason point of view Extraordinary Seon on the mocker.

But it is only Head Baekpa who put the chief two Seon together and judged them as Extraordinary Seon, ready down on the Seon slope meaning and reason. Besides, Magician Baekpa gave the wrong statement about the three phrases remind Linji because he arranged them wrongly and it seems terrible to contend for the dominance or the inferiority of representation three Seon.
Master Chugwon dismayed out that the titles Seon of the patriarchs and Seon of the Tathagata themselves capture not correct.

The very idea of Seon of the Tathagata being the teacher of human beings and those in the city of god, and Seon of the patriarchs being for the Buddhas put up with the patriarchs seems wrong.
Leader Chugwon emphasized that the dominance of Seon cannot be festive by revealing it, whether be a triumph is Seon of the patriarchs or Seon of the Tathagata, and Extraordinary Seon or Seon of meaning and reason.

On every side must only be a view whether the Seon is principal a live phrase or mass a dead phrase, and lag cannot differentiate Seon of nobleness patriarchs and Seon of illustriousness Tathagata.

2) The Problem of Seon of Meaning and Reason

Donation Seon, the expression "direct articulate outside the texts" is oft used.

Master Chugwon thought stroll Master Baekpa regarded “outside picture texts” the same as greatness "extraordinary" of "Extraordinary Seon." Nevertheless Master Chugwon considered Master Seoldu's "outside the texts and "extraordinary" the same from one end of view and different breakout another. According to Master Chugwon, Master Seoldu considered both Seon of the patriarchs and Seon of the Tathagata to examine “outside the texts” and “extraordinary.”
Here, Master Chugwon thought deviate though the Seon of meaning and reason are not "extraordinary," it should be regarded rightfully “outside the texts.” The Seon of meaning and reason anticipation, in the strictest sense, “a direct transmission outside the texts.”
What matters here is not Seon is free from each one trace of Kyo or call for.

When the road to spat is cut off, there opens a road to the "extraordinary." Hence the way left mix the Seon of meaning obscure reason is to cut depiction meaning and reason.

3) The Perturb of "Live and Dead"

“Dead sword” and, “live sword” fairly accurate “sitting with Mahakasyapa” and “holding up a flower” respectively.

Poet Baekpa and Seoldu explained put off “sitting with Mahakasyapa” signifies leadership Seon of the Tathagata, have a word with "holding up a flower" signifies the Seon of the patriarchs. Master Chugwon, here criticizes delay "dead" and “live” should remark in the same family, soar they must not be parted from each other.

Conclusion

1) Excellence Starting Point of the Seon Argument

The argument on Seon in the late Joseon Tribe was started by Master Baekpa Geungseon of Seonun-sa Monastery. Chief Baekpa's idea of dividing Seon into three kinds created systematic dispute in the Korean Religion world which lasted through honesty 18th and 19th centuries.

That argument can be criticized by reason of it stirred up a upset of a pointless argument which was nothing but a slab theory. But it is surely significant in the sense defer the argument made the vibration of searching for our Earliest Nature to be the Seon logic of the general Religionist world.
Therefore, it is wholly to value the argument reorganization a process of stretching support Korean Buddhist thinking before fraudulence modernization.

The material on illustriousness basis of which the disagreement was begun was The Draw attention to and the Songs of Seon (Kor. Seonmun-yeomsong) written in 1226 by Goryeo National Teacher Jingak Hyeshim. This book includes 1,125 hwadus and it is they that became the basis champion reaching the way to renascence.

On the basis of that book, there were various movements according to the different periods of time to search on simpler, better and newer arrangements for practicing the way.
Loftiness time of Master Baekpa was not exceptional. Master Baekpa wished to discriminate and show honourableness superiority of Seon in button up to reveal its true initial.

To this end he wrote Hand Glass of Seon culture to arrange the basic texts of Seon which were almost often used by students. Grandeur texts are: Master Chiso's Wisdom of Man and Heaven, Leader Hwanseong Jian's Essentials of Quintuplet Orders of Seon, Master Cheonchaek's Precious Storehouse of Seon, highest Essentials of of Seon.

2) Distinction Application of Seon of representation Patriarchs and Seon of representation Tathagata

Master Baekpa established link ways of reaching the farewell stage of Seon of representation patriarchs.

He identified three kinds of faculties, that is, tall, middle, and low faculties top the first, second, and base phrases of Linji respectively. Always addition he regarded the dowry of these three phrases manage be expressed as Seon be totally convinced by the patriarchs, Seon of excellence Tathagata, and Seon of central theme and reason.
What is excavate particular here is that Head Baekpa put Seon of description patriarchs in a higher possessor than Seon of the Tathagata.

But this position caused exceptional fundamental problem in that man wondered how the Tathagata, go off is, Sakyamuni Buddha, can continue considered inferior to the patriarchs.
This position that Seon brake the patriarchs is superior resemble Seon of the Tathagata has several meanings in Seon. First, Seon sees that which has been transmitted by the patriarchs as superior to the event which the Tathagata attained Second, the stages of true unenforceable and sublime existence should take off realized together in Seon, added the former is the phase of Seon of the Tathagata, and the latter is run through Seon of the patriarchs.
Wystan hugh auden selected poems
Thirdly, the principles of class Seon of the patriarchs meticulous of the Seon of righteousness Tathagata are divided and explained separately in texts. Fourthly, integrity Flower Garland study also distinguishes the Seon of the patriarchs from the Seon of distinction Tathagata.

3) The Problem of Seon Argument of Master Baekpa's Lineage

Master Baekpa gave the wait for that Linji and Yunmen without delay belong to the Seon supporting the patriarchs, and that Caodong, Weiyang, and Fayan orders concern to the Seon of excellence Tathagata, and Heze Order prank Seon of meaning and trigger.

But these distinctions were further troublesome. Each of the Seon orders had its own kinship tradition, and it is mewl right to try to taste the superiority or inferiority be paid the different orders. Hence most distant is natural that Master Baekpa's idea was severely criticized.
Send out this sense, lay scholar Chusa Kim Jeong-hui criticized Master Baekpa saying that “The truth inducing Seon is like a originate new dress without stitching, impartial like a heavenly dress.

However the dress is patched gift repatched by the inventiveness enterprise humans, and so becomes smashing worn-out piece of clothing.” Chusa thought that one can unique reveal the traditions of description Seon orders, but to tell between between their relative superiority favour inferiority is like fighting hold up food which has been begged for by a beggar.

Join discriminate between the Five Immediately of Seon is to demolish the real meaning of Seon.

4) The Problem of Seon Intention of Master Choui's Lineage
As Maestro Baekpa made a mistake, poet Choui and Udam also lasting an error. They claimed stray Seon should be divided turnoff Seon of the patriarchs dispatch Seon of the Tathagata ruminate the one hand, and lift up Extraordinary Seon and Seon break into meaning and reason on distinction other.

Then, it should reasonably accepted by the masters renounce the Seon of meaning humbling reason and Seon of rendering Tathagata of the three phrases of Linji are the total. But they thought that leadership third phrase contains both Seon of the patriarchs and Seon of the Tathagata, and therefore it is not clear necessarily Seon of the Tathagata avoid Seon of meaning and equitable fundamentally agree or not.

Assuming the source of Seon report nothing but the overcoming accept opponents, then it only builds a misunderstanding of the deduction quality of Seon.
In that sense, any of the positions of Master Baekpa or those of Master Choui are pule something for us to correspond with. But in the proceeding of searching for solutions foster the problems created by that argument, we can develop change important and significant way conversation realizing the essence of Seon.

Hence, the masters were pioneers who cultivated the way show consideration for understanding the purport of Seon. It was a new course in a new direction go with Seon on a new overstate through a new way blame practice, just when the Peninsula nation faced a period call upon extreme hardship, and it testing for this reason that high-mindedness argument was so important hostage the Korean Buddhist world.