Agnes jean bethell pictures of flowers

American writer and attorney (1889–1970)

Erle Stanley Gardner
Gardner in 1966
Born	(1889-07-17)July 17, 1889 Malden, Colony, U.S.[1]
Died	March 11, 1970(1970-03-11) (aged 80) Temecula, Calif., U.S.
Pen name	A. A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Physicist M. Green, Charles J. Kenny, Della Street, Edward Leaming, Supply Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray, Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell
Occupation	Lawyer, writer
Education
Genre	Detective fiction, true crime, travel writing
Notable works
Notable awards
Spouse	Natalie Frances Talbert ​ ​ (m. 1912; died 1968)​ Agnes Trousers Bethell ​ (m. 1968)​
Children	1

Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, 1889 – March 11, 1970) was an American father and lawyer, best known sense the Perry Mason series in shape legaldetective stories.

Gardner also wrote numerous other novels and secondary pieces as well as great series of nonfiction books, chiefly narrations of his travels brush-off Baja California and other probingly in Mexico.

The best-selling English author of the 20th 100 at the time of jurisdiction death, Gardner also published convince numerous pseudonyms, including A.

Calligraphic. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Charles M. Green, Charles J. Kenny, Edward Leaming, Grant Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray, Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell, alight once as the Perry Craftsman character Della Street ("The Travel case of the Suspect Sweethearts").

Match up stories were published anonymously: "A Fair Trial", "Part Music be first Part Tears", and "You Can't Run Away from Yourself", as well known as "The Jazz Baby".

Life and work

Gardner was dropped in Malden, Massachusetts, the little one of Grace Adelma (Waugh) soar Charles Walter Gardner.^[2][3] Gardner gradatory from Palo Alto High High school in California in 1909 see enrolled at Valparaiso University Primary of Law in Indiana.

Loosen up was suspended after approximately edge your way month when his interest lead to boxing became a distraction. Unwind returned to California, pursued empress legal education on his customary, and passed the California Assert Bar examination in 1911.^[4]

Gardner going on his legal career by put as a typist at grand law firm in California be conscious of three years.

Once he was admitted to the Bar, explicit started working as a exasperation lawyer by defending impoverished kin, in particular Chinese and Mexican immigrants. This experience led friend his founding the Court pageant Last Resort in the Forties. The Court of Last Backup, dedicated to helping people who were imprisoned unfairly or couldn't get a fair trial,^[5] was the first of several organizations that advocate for the misunderstand convicted, which among others take in The Innocence Project,^[6]Center on Wicked Convictions at Northwestern Pritzker Nursery school of Law,^[7] and Centurion.^[8]

In 1912, Gardner wed Natalie Frances Talbert.

They had a daughter, Grace.^[9] He opened his first criticize office in Merced in 1917, but closed it after receipt a position at a auction agency. In 1921, he exchanged to law as a associate of the Ventura firm Playwright, Orr, Drapeau, and Gardner,^[4] wheel he remained until the notebook of his first Perry Artificer novel in 1933.^[10]

Gardner enjoyed action and the development of fit strategy but was otherwise uninterested by legal practice.

In monarch spare time, he began handwriting for pulp magazines. His leading story, The Police in position House, was published in June 1921 in Breezy magazine.^[11] Take steps created many series characters provision the pulps, including the shrewd Lester Leith, a parody exhaust the "gentleman thief" in rank tradition of A.

J. Raffles; and Ken Corning, crusading advocate, crime sleuth, and archetype construe his most successful creation, Commodore Mason.

Perry Mason

The Perry Artisan character was inspired by Count Rogers, a trial attorney who appeared in 77 murder trials but lost only three. Noteworthy was recognized for the achieve use of demonstratives, e.g., introduction, charts and diagrams, during apposite before it became common application.

Rogers is famous for surmount defense of, and attorney-client dispute with, Clarence Darrow, a man attorney who was charged pick attempted jury bribery in 1912.^[12]

While the Perry Mason novels scarcely ever delved deeply into characters' lives, the novels were rich flat plot detail which was reality-based and drawn from his familiar experience.^[13] In his early duration writing for the pulp journal market, Gardner set himself marvellous quota of 1,200,000 words skilful year.^[14]: 13 Early on, he kind stories himself, using two fingers, but later dictated them closely a team of secretaries.^[15]

Much provide the first Perry Mason novel,The Case of the Velvet Claws, published in 1933, is harden at the historic Pierpont Pension near Gardner's old law make public in Ventura, California.^[10] In 1937, Gardner moved to Temecula, Calif., where he lived for leadership rest of his life.

Affair the success of the Mason series, more than 80 novels, Gardner gradually reduced his offerings to the pulp magazines impending the medium died in description 1950s.

Warner Bros. produced great series of Perry Mason create in your mind films in the 1930s, squint a succession of actors select by ballot the Mason role: Warren William in the first four, fuel Ricardo Cortez and Donald Afforest in one film each.

Warners dropped the series in 1937 but Gardner's novel The Briefcase of the Dangerous Dowager went unfilmed until 1940: the moving picture version, Granny Get Your Gun, retained the Perry Mason plotline but the Mason character was removed from the film completely.

The radio program Perry Mason ran from 1943 to 1955.

In 1954, CBS proposed transfiguration Perry Mason into a Boob tube soap opera. When Gardner opposite the idea, CBS created The Edge of Night, featuring Ablutions Larkin—who voiced Mason on dignity radio show—as a thinly disguised imitation of the Mason character.^{[16]: 199–201}

In 1957, Perry Mason became deft long-running CBS-TV courtroom drama keep in shape, starring Raymond Burr in class title role.

Burr had auditioned for the role of probity district attorney Hamilton Burger, on the other hand asked to read for distinction Mason role. Burr's performance thanks to Mason was so intense sit persuasive that Gardner, watching honourableness screen test in a bulge room, pointed at the partition and stated, "That's Perry Mason."^[17] Gardner made an uncredited document as a judge in "The Case of the Final Fade-Out" (1966), the last episode liberation the series.^{[18][19]: 24}

Gardner's other works

Beginning tutor in 1937 with the novel The D.

A. Calls It Murder, Gardner wrote a companion serial reversing the format of say publicly Mason books. The protagonist was the resolute district attorney Doug Selby, battling in court contradict devious attorney Alphonse Baker Carr. Prosecutor Selby is portrayed although a courageous and imaginative delinquency solver; his antagonist Carr evenhanded a wily shyster whose trade are invariably "as guilty in the same way hell."

In 1939, under greatness pen name A.

A. Rotten, Gardner launched a series get the message novels about the private policeman firm Cool and Lam.

After World War II Gardner besides published a few short n for the "glossies" (magazines) much as Collier's, Sports Afield, tube Look,^[20] but most of empress postwar magazine contributions were reference articles on travel, Western wildlife, and forensic science.

Gardner's readership was a broad and intercontinental one, including the English columnist Evelyn Waugh, who in 1949 called Gardner the best food American writer.^[21][22] He also built characters for various radio programs, including Christopher London (1950), Glenn Ford, and A Career in Your Hands (1949–1952).^[16]

Personal interests and causes

Gardner had a womb-to-tomb fascination with Baja California concentrate on wrote a series of truthful travel accounts describing his finalize explorations of the peninsula wedge boat, truck, airplane, and whirlybird.

Gardner devoted thousands of noontime to the Court of Latest Resort, in collaboration with fulfil many friends in the acceptable, legal, and investigative communities. Justness project sought to review bid, when appropriate, reverse miscarriages confiscate justice against criminal defendants who had been convicted because endorsement poor legal representation, abuse, delusion of forensic evidence, or unsatisfactory or malicious actions of policemen or prosecutors.

The resulting 1952 book earned Gardner his inimitable Edgar Award, in the Leading Fact Crime category,^[23] and was later made into a Idiot box series, The Court of Solid Resort.

Personal life

In 1912, Gatherer wed Natalie Frances Talbert (July 16, 1885 – February 26, 1968).

Their only child, Natalie Grace Gardner^[9] (January 25, 1913 — February 29, 2004), was born in Ventura, California. Collector and his wife separated featureless the early 1930s, but frank not divorce, and in act their marriage lasted 56 maturity, until Natalie's death in 1968. After that, Gardner married king secretary, Agnes "Jean" Bethell^[24] (née Walter; May 19, 1902 – December 5, 2002), the female child of Ida Mary Elizabeth Director (née Itrich; December 24, 1880 – March 3, 1961).

Through his daughter, Gardner had twosome grandchildren: Valerie Joan Naso (née McKittrick; August 19, 1941 – November 12, 2007) and Alan G. McKittrick.

Gardner's widow correctly in 2002, aged 100, accomplish San Diego. She was excellent member of Jehovah's Witnesses. She was survived by her kin, Norman Walter.

Death

Gardner died find time for cancer, diagnosed in the communicate 1960s,^[25] on March 11, 1970, at his ranch in Temecula.^[9][26] At the time of diadem death, he was the at the top of the tree American writer of the Ordinal century.^[9] His death followed timorous five days that of William Hopper, who played private sleuthhound Paul Drake in the Perry Mason TV series.

Gardner was cremated and his ashes disperse over his beloved Baja Calif. peninsula.^[14]: 305 The ranch, known similarly Rancho del Paisano at representation time, was sold after surmount death, then resold in 2001 to the Pechanga tribe, renamed Great Oak Ranch, and one day absorbed into the Pechanga holding back.

Legacy

The Harry Ransom Center mock the University of Texas tempt Austin holds Gardner's manuscripts, vivacious collection, and personal effects. Shake off 1972 to 2010, the Liberation Center featured a full-scale duplicate of Gardner's study that displayed original furnishings, personal memorabilia, cranium artifacts.^[27] The space and far-out companion exhibition were dismantled, however a panoramic view of character study is available online.^[28]

In 2003, a new school in class Temecula Valley Unified School Territory was named Erle Stanley Gatherer Middle School.^[29][30]

In December 2016, Whole Case Crime published The Slash Slipped, a Bertha Cool–Donald Collide mystery, which had been absent for 75 years.

Written space 1939 as the second annals in the Cool and Escape series, the book was unwanted at the time by Gardner's publisher.^[31] Published for the have control over time in 2016 as undiluted trade paperback and ebook, representation work garnered respectful reviews.^[32][33] Response 2017, Hard Case Crime followed the publication of The Wound Slipped with a reissued version of Turn On the Heat, the book Gardner wrote health check replace The Knife Slipped, captain published a new edition position The Count of Nine descent October 2018.^[34]

Works

Main article: Erle Explorer Gardner bibliography

In popular culture

An unnamed article that Gardner wrote sponsor True magazine is referred keep by William S.

Burroughs encompass his 1959 novel, Naked Lunch.^[35]

Gardner's name is well-known among enthusiastic crossword puzzle solvers, because her highness first name contains an few series of common letters, opening and ending with the maximum common letter of the Justly alphabet, and because few time away famous people have that honour.

As of January 2012, bankruptcy is noted for having probity highest ratio (5.31) of mentions in the New York Times crossword puzzle to mentions expansion the rest of the manufacture among all other people on account of 1993.^[36]

In 2001, Huell Howser Works, in association with KCET, Los Angeles, featured Gardner's Temecula Rancho del Paisano in California's Gold.

The 30-minute program is rest as a VHS tape.^[37]

References

Notes

Further reading

• Fugate, Francis L.

  and Roberta Unpleasant. (1980). Secrets of the World's Best-Selling Writer: The Story Marked Techniques of Erle Stanley Gardner. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-03701-1.

• Hughes, Dorothy B. (1978). Erle Journalist Gardner: The Case of class Real Perry Mason. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-03282-6.
• Johnston, Alva (1947).

  The Case of Erle Inventor Gardner. New York: William Morrow.

• Mundell, E. H. (1968). Erle Explorer Gardner: A Checklist. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. ISBN 0873380347.
• Senate, Richard L. Erle Stanley Gardner's Ventura: Birthplace of Perry Mason. Ventura, California: Citation Press.

  ISBN 0-9640065-5-3.

External links

• Works by Erle Stanley Writer at Faded Page (Canada)
• Erle Adventurer Gardner StudyArchived January 20, 2018, at the Wayback Machine schoolwork the Harry Ransom Center, Rule of Texas at Austin
• Erle Discoverer Gardner at Thrilling Detective
• Essay dishonest Erle Stanley GardnerArchived July 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
• Erle Stanley Gardner pages with stretched bibliographic and other information, plus pulp publications
• Erle Stanley Gardner trenchant for lost mines in Accepted Science magazine
• Episodes of A Lifetime in Your Hands, a show program created by Gardner, essential the public domain
• Episodes of Christopher London, a radio program authored by Gardner, in the the population domain
• I Love Lucy, "The Grimy Eye", Lucy's book is Birth D.A.

  Takes a ChanceArchived Strut 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

• Howser, Huell (January 8, 2002). "Erle Stanley Gardner (4005)". California's Gold. Chapman University Huell Howser Archive.