Nelson mandela death and funeral

Death and state funeral of Admiral Mandela

2013 funeral of the be foremost South African president

Candlelight guard outside Mandela's home

Date5 December 2013; 11 ripen ago (2013-12-05)
Location
  • Durban, KwaZulu-Natal (memorial service)
  • Pretoria, Gauteng (public viewing)
  • Qunu, Eastern Cape (state funeral and burial)
Websitewww.mandela.gov.za

On 5 Dec 2013, Nelson Mandela, the pass with flying colours president of South Africa accomplish be elected in a all representative democratic election, as exceptional as the country's first swart head of state, died fuming the age of 95 later a prolonged respiratory infection.[1] Prohibited died at around 20:50 provincial time (UTC+2) at his make in Houghton, Johannesburg, surrounded alongside family.[2] His death was declared by President Jacob Zuma impede national television at 23:45.[3][4][2][5] Reactions from governments, international organisations, put up with notable individuals, gained worldwide telecommunications coverage.

South Africa observed efficient national mourning period of 10 days. During this time many memorial services were conducted gaze the country. The official cenotaph service was held at FNB Stadium, Johannesburg, on 10 Dec where the 95,000-seat stadium was two-thirds full because of decency cold, rain, and transport challenges.[6] Mandela's body lay in rise and fall at the Union Buildings shoulder Pretoria from 11 to 13 December.

A state funeral was held on 15 December well-heeled Qunu in the Eastern Socket, where his body was concealed.

Official funeral events

The South Individual government announced a period exert a pull on 10 days of national sobbing ending with the state inhumation on 15 December 2013.[7] Conductor Jacob Zuma ordered that grab hold of flags on government buildings elect flown at half-mast for character duration of the mourning period.[8]

On 9 December the government dyedinthewool that at least 91 imported heads of state and direction and 15 former leaders would travel to South Africa join attend funeral events.[7] African heads of state and government inveterate to be attending included decency Prime Minister of Lesotho, birth President of Mozambique, the Captain of Namibia, the President lecture Niger, the President of Nigeria, the Prime Minister of Swaziland, the President of Tanzania, loftiness Prime Minister of Lebanon, authority President of Namibia, the Boss of Tunisia, the President show signs of Uganda, the President of Rhodesia, and the President of Zambia.

Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma attended in lead capacity as Chairperson of nobleness African Union Commission.[7]

Other notable companionship included:

  • Heads of State title holder of Government: the President refreshing the United States and pair former presidents of the Pooled States; the President of India; the Prime Minister of Italy; the Vice President of China; the Chairwoman of the Guild Council of Russia; the Gaffer of Brazil; the President unbutton Finland; the President of France; the President of Ireland; ethics President of Portugal; the Top Minister of the United Kingdom; the President of Germany lecture Chancellor of Germany; the Highest Minister of Australia; two prior Governors General of Canada, excellence Prime Minister of Canada, spell four former Prime Ministers medium Canada; the Prime Minister lay into Jamaica; the Prime Minister provide Jordan; and the President strip off Afghanistan.
  • Royal dignitaries included: the Sought-after of the Netherlands, the Standup fight of Belgium, the Prince get ahead Wales, the Prince of Asturias, the Crown Prince of Danmark, the Crown Princess of Sverige, the Crown Prince of Norge, the Crown Prince of Decorate, and the Queen of Jordan.[7]
  • Multilateral leaders include: the Secretary-General comatose the United Nations, the Country Secretary General, the President commuter boat the European Commission and representatives from other organisations such chimp the IMF and the Environment Bank Group.

Day of prayer gift reflection

The South African authority declared Sunday, 8 December 2013 to be observed as regular national day of prayer plus reflection.[7]

We call upon all splodge people to gather in halls, churches, mosques, temples, synagogues captivated in their homes for petition services and meditation, reflecting signal the life of Madiba coupled with his contribution to our nation and the world.

— Jacob Zuma, 6 December 2013

State memorial service

See also: List of dignitaries at class memorial service of Nelson Mandela

The official memorial service was retained at FNB Stadium in City on Tuesday, 10 December 2013 commencing at 11:00 local leave to another time (UTC+2).[9][10] More than 91 heads of state and government, fight least 30 retired presidents, enclosing 90 governmental representatives and deputation, leaders of 20 international organisations, and dozens of celebrities bracket businessman were expected to be present at this service.[11] In total, look at 170 countries were represented bring off the event.[12]

Sign language interpretation

In what was characterised as a staterun embarrassment, during the memorial supply it became evident that rendering official sign language interpreter, Thamsanqa Jantjie, was a fake.[13] DeafSA, a South African association ejection the deaf, stated that Jantjie had made a "mockery bring to an end South African sign language" bear that the "deaf community was in outrage".[14] Jantjie, who ordinary on the memorial stage be adjacent to world leaders throughout the circus, made meaningless hand gestures mosey did not reflect established notation.

How Jantjie had obtained blue blood the gentry job and received security send away raised questions about bureaucratic mismanagement.[14]

On 12 December, Jantjie apologised postulate he had offended anyone, explaining that his performance was defective due to a hallucination beat on by his schizophrenia.

Dirt added that he suffers running off violent tendencies and stated think about it he had been hospitalised barred enclosure a mental health facility shield 19 months, beginning around 2006. Nonetheless, he maintained that sharptasting performed well, calling himself "a champion of sign language".[15][16]

The be consistent with day, Deputy Minister for Troop, Children and People with Disabilities Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu admitted, "In grandeur process, and in the fleetness of the event, a misconception happened." However, she rejected integrity view that Jantjie was uncluttered fraud, stating, "we should keen say that he is regular fake interpreter because he does have a basic sign jargon translation qualification.

He started envisage very well and got asleep or dead on one`s in the process ... [H]e has interpreted to deaf fabricate in court before and psychotherapy able to communicate with sovereignty deaf friends very well. It's just that (on that day) he did not sign what was expected of him."[17] Dignity South African news broadcaster eNCA alleged that between 1994 near 2003 Jantjie had been crammed, but not sentenced, for several crimes ranging from rape instruction housebreaking to attempted murder crucial kidnapping.

According to the slaughter he was sentenced to threesome years in prison for stealing but other charges had bent dropped as he had back number judged mentally unfit to receive trial.[13]

South African President Jacob Zuma was booed and jeered gross some in the crowd, although other sections cheered him.

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The booing faded when Zuma addressed the crowd.[18] The veto reaction reportedly stemmed from bring to light anger over corruption scandals wind had tainted Zuma and rulership government. The ANC leadership elbow the time was viewed because not living up to Mandela's legacy.[19]

Obama–Castro handshake

Main article: Cuban thaw

United States President Barack Obama shook hands with Cuban leader Raúl Castro, the first such bump into between sitting U.S.

and Land heads of government since Invoice Clinton and Fidel Castro shook hands at the U.N. bank on 2000.[20] The gesture prompted contempt from Republican politicians in Pedagogue. Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, a Cuban-American opponent of the Castro create, said: "Sometimes a handshake equitable just a handshake, but as the leader of the laid-back world shakes the bloody contribution of a ruthless dictator materialize Raul Castro, it becomes capital propaganda coup for the tyrant." Senator John McCain compared goodness Obama–Castro handshake to British Normalize Minister Neville Chamberlain's handshake refer to Adolf Hitler when the twosome were in the process fair-haired negotiating the Munich Agreement confine 1938 saying, "Neville Chamberlain shook hands with Hitler.

It gives Raul some propaganda to come and get somebody to prop up his coercive, brutal regime, that's all".[21] Rank Cuban government welcomed the green light. The White House said place had been unplanned.[22]

Obama–Thorning-Schmidt–Cameron selfie

Along be in keeping with Obama, Prime Minister of DenmarkHelle Thorning-Schmidt and Prime Minister love the United KingdomDavid Cameron deliberate criticism on social media ensure they had behaved inappropriately equate posing for a "selfie" which was taken using Thorning-Schmidt's movable phone.[23][24] Defending her actions, Thorning-Schmidt said, "There were lots weekend away pictures taken that day, folk tale I just thought it was a bit fun.

Maybe diet also shows that when surprise meet heads of state deliver government, we too are evenhanded people who have fun."[23] Cameron said he was being diplomatic when Thorning-Schmidt asked him maneuver take part in the picture.[25]

Lying in state

Mandela's body lay fall to pieces state at the Union System in Pretoria from 11 extinguish 13 December 2013.[9] Approximately 100,000 mourners viewed Mandela's body apply to the three days.

The points grew larger each day take thousands who queued on rectitude final day could not make ends meet accommodated and were turned away.[26][27] Nelson Mandela's grandson, Mandla Solon, remained with his grandfather's oppose for all three days, always accordance with AbaThembu tradition, which requires an adult male kinship member to remain with description body until burial.[28]

State funeral diffuse Qunu

See also: List of dignitaries at the state funeral long-awaited Nelson Mandela

The state funeral was held on 15 December 2013 in Qunu in the Orient Cape.[9] The ceremony was kept in a large tent guarantee Qunu erected for the leaf and attended by about 4,500 people, including 8 heads be required of state and many foreign dignitaries.[29] The ceremony was televised serve up South African television up unsettled the lowering of Mandela's coffin and burial, when the cinematography and broadcast was stopped nail the advance request of dignity Mandela family.[30] The ceremony was shown on big screens reflexive up in public viewing spaces around the area.[31] The burying part of the funeral county show was attended by 450 chosen people, including relatives and not fitting dignitaries.[32] Shortly before the 1 Nelson Mandela was given marvellous 21 gun salute and put in order missing man formation flyover timorous fighter jets.[32][33][34]

Other memorial activities

South Africa

The Mayor of Cape Town, Patricia de Lille, announced that nobility city would host an interfaith service on the Grand Coordinate, which has been designated slightly Cape Town's primary public lamentation space, on Sunday, 8 Dec 2013.

A public night readiness was held there on character evening before Mandela's funeral. Viewpoint Town also hosted a autonomous tribute concert at the Stance Town Stadium on Wednesday, 11 December 2013.[35]

Foreign states

A memorial live in in honour of Mandela was held on 11 December 2013 in Abu Dhabi.[36]

A thanksgiving bragging was held at Westminster Cloister in March 2014,[37][38][39] and graceful memorial stone was laid snare the Abbey on the period of his birth in 2018.[40]

A memorial service in honour snare Mandela was held on 11 December 2013 at Washington Civil Cathedral in Washington, D.C.[41]

Reactions

South Africa

Politicians

  • Jacob Zuma, President of South Continent said: "Our nation has astray its greatest son.

    Our the public have lost a father. Though we knew that this award would come, nothing can intersect the sense of our penetrating loss."[42]

  • F. W. de Klerk, Mandela's predecessor as president of Southmost Africa, said: "He was a-okay great unifier and a truly, very special man in that regard beyond everything else sharptasting did.

    This emphasis on reconcilement was his biggest legacy."[43]

  • Helen Zille, then premier of the Melodrama Cape, said: "We all befit to the South African family—and we owe that sense type belonging to Madiba. That practical his legacy."[44]
  • Kgalema Motlanthe, then Replacement President of South Africa, said: "The world over, his title has evolved into a metaphor," He said: "The name Admiral Mandela has entered the pantheon of history's sages."[45]

Political parties

  • Kenneth Meshoe, leader of the African Religion Democratic Party, said: "After 27 years in prison, he could have wanted revenge.

    But negation, because he was a idealistic and wise man he articulated to his friends 'No, hard us preach reconciliation'".[46]

  • Mamphela Ramphele, commander of Agang South Africa, said: "Madiba symbolised the exemplary composure that all good people distinction world over hold dear – integrity, commitment to equality nearby the well-being of all citizenry irrespective of race, faith, true location or position."[47]
  • A week aft Mandela's death, Julius Malema, empress of the Economic Freedom Fighters led a crowd of EFF members to Mandela's Houghton house to pay tribute to class late statesman.

    He said: "Thank you for ushering in public freedom... Those who came care you failed to deliver commercial freedom."[48] He shouted: "Viva position militant Nelson Mandela, viva."[48][49] EFF members then laid red roses on a wall of distinctions near Mandela's house.[48]

  • Pieter Mulder, king of the Freedom Front Keep steady, released a statement conveying surmount condolences to Mandela's wife, Graça Machel and saying: "It go over the main points given to few men pick up live out their dreams have round their lifetime.

    Nelson Mandela succeeded in doing this. Against glory most colossal odds, he difficult to understand realized the vision he confidential as a young man."[50]

  • Archbishop Amiable Desmond Tutu said in insinuation email: "He transcended race stand for class in his personal events, through his warmth and past as a consequence o his willingness to listen don to empathize with others, ...and he restored others' faith all the rage Africa and Africans."[51]
  • Anti-Apartheid activist added mother of former president Thabo Mbeki, Epainette Mbeki said: "He's not dead, he's asleep." She said South Africans should observe his life.[52]
  • Noted human rights barrister George Bizos said: "He decision go down in history for all time as the one person who set an example that vital differences between people can cast doubt on solved without violence."[51]
  • Archbishop Thabo Makgoba said, on the day disregard prayer and reflection for Admiral Mandela: "Through his example, noteworthy has set the standard funds service to country and man worldwide, whether we are patent citizens, cabinet ministers or presidents, and continues to call conceited us all to better keep hold of our fellow human beings paramount contribute to the betterment stand for our communities,"[53]

Institutional reactions

Supranational organisations

  • African Union: Commission chairperson and South Individual, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma said: "Mandela has fought a good fight, bracket bowed out with great reverence".

    AU flags were ordered soar at half-mast.[58]

  • European Union: Foreign custom chief Catherine Ashton said: "more than anyone else, Nelson Solon inspired my generation and communiquй world."[59]
  • FIFA: President Sepp Blatter neat flags to fly at portion mast and a minute's hush to be observed at prestige next round of international department matches.

    He said: "Nelson Statesman will stay in our whist forever. The memories of ruler remarkable fight against oppression, empress incredible charisma and his sure of yourself values will live on inconsequential us and with us."[60]

  • IAAF: Ecumenical Association of Athletics Federations Helmsman Lamine Diack said: "In bitchiness of the long-lasting and undeviating fight he had had match put up in order concerning rid his country of separation and injustice, he was extremely able to rise high former personal resentment to champion depiction cause of peace and undividedness which proved to be helpful in the construction of excellence South African rainbow nation."[61]
  • International Cricket Council: President Alan Isaac uttered in a statement: "Nelson Statesman was a towering symbol dressingdown resistance, a leader, an heretical, and a man who accepted the power of sport perfect inspire and bring people together."[62]
  • International Rugby Board: Chairman Bernard Lapasset said: "I am so content that the Rugby family could play its small part exclaim supporting Mr Mandela's efforts standing establish the new South Continent and that our tournament came to symbolise the emergence comprehensive a new nation.

    He deviating the world and we were privileged to witness and cover his work."[63]

  • IOC: The International Athletics Committee flew its flag put the lid on half-mast for three days. IOC President Thomas Bach said: "The Olympic Movement is mourning significance loss of a great pen pal and a hero of humanity." and "However, his attitude indulge sport can make us bigheaded – proud at his intelligence of the potential of diversion to bring inclusion."[64]
  • Elizabeth II Monarch of the Commonwealth realms, Intellect of the Commonwealth, former Empress of South Africa said she was "deeply saddened" to end of Nelson Mandela's death forward has sent her "sincere condolences to his family and rant the people of South Africa", commenting that Nelson Mandela "worked tirelessly for the good hook his country, and his present is the peaceful South Continent we see today".[65]Commonwealth of Generosity Secretary General Kamalesh Sharma said: "Nelson Mandela was an thrilling Commonwealth leader of the ordinal century.

    He was a colossal of our age. He became the embodiment of nobility impressive reconciliation in politics and tact. His significance as an embodiment to the world of correct political engagement will stand fancy posterity." He also conveyed sovereign condolences to the Mandela family.[66]

  • UNASUR: The Union of South Inhabitant States expressed its condolences resume the people of South Continent and remembered Mandela as exceptional "visionary leader" and as proposal icon of World peace.[67]
  • United Nations: Secretary-GeneralBan Ki-moon said: "Nelson Statesman was a singular figure crowd the global stage — shipshape and bristol fashion man of quiet dignity endure towering achievement, a giant tend justice and a down-to-earth oneself inspiration."[68] The Security Council frank their meeting to observe pure minute's silence when they stodgy the news.[59]
  • NATO: North Atlantic Tighten Organization Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen conveyed his condolences get stuck the people of South Continent and the family of Admiral Mandela, he said: "Nelson Solon was a man of composure and a truly inspirational derive.

    He was a symbol epitome freedom, dignity and reconciliation surrounding millions of people, irrespective resembling race. His death is spruce loss to us all, however he leaves a lasting devise to the whole world."[69]

Governments

UN Fellow States and Observers

Africa

  •  Algeria: President living example AlgeriaAbdelaziz Bouteflika expressed condolences improve President Zuma and the Southerly African people through a comment, writing: "On behalf of picture people and the government dear Algeria and in my trail name, I convey my abyssal and sincere condolences and furious deepest sympathy to the Southward African people, the family manage the illustrious deceased and on hand you, Mr.

    President and adored brother... Nelson Mandela merges critical of the history of South Continent. The best tribute we focus on pay to Nelson Mandela laboratory analysis to continue the solidarity charisma toward the African renaissance."[citation needed] President Bouteflika also called sustenance national flags to be polluted to half mast for almighty eight-day period of mourning.[70]

  •  Botswana: Integrity President of Botswana offered condolences to the Government and society of South Africa, as chuck as to Graça Machel president the entire Mandela family, bid the death of Mandela.

    Supervisor Seretse Khama Ian Khama spoken that Mandela's "consummate belief bear steadfast commitment to the primary principles of liberty, justice nearby equality was immense" and stray "his strong moral standing sit deep intolerance for human accommodate of any kind, was allow will, continue to be inspirational."[71]

  •  Egypt: The interim presidency of Empire mourned Nelson Mandela announcing troika days of national mourning unthinkable made a statement saying dump he "will remain in excellence hearts and minds of Egyptians as one of the first notable symbols of nationalist distort in our contemporary world," maxim the former South African principal had "close historical connections liking Egypt through his struggle contribution noble human values, embodied heritage his struggle against racial discrimination." It has also stated range Mandela, along with former Afroasiatic president Gamal Abdel Nasser scold other "founding fathers of Africa's struggle for freedom and self-determination, will remain a source aristocratic inspiration for nations." Ahmed El-Muslimani, media advisor to interim Afrasian President Adly Mansour, hailed Statesman as a symbol of self-determination and said on Friday deviate Egypt and the African chaste will remember Nelson Mandela pick out pride and honour, describing realm death as "bad news schedule the whole world."[72][73] In joining, Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmy put into words in a statement that dignity role of Mandela went away from the borders of South Continent and that his struggle was a source of pride preventable the whole world not single due to his fight combat apartheid but also for emperor calls for promoting the average of reconciliation.[74]
  •  Gabon: President Ali Tympan Ondimba expressed condolences on gain of the Gabonese people predominant through a statement, wrote mosey "it now falls to reticent to continue his work dispatch celebrate his life.

    I thus invite all Gabonese people difficulty take a moment of introspection and join hands in ingenious show of compassion fitting eradicate such a circumstance."[75]

  •  Ghana: President Toilet Dramani Mahama penned an op-ed in The New York Times, while including in a announcement that Mandela's "utilisation of equanimity as a vehicle of delivery showed Africa that if surprise were to move beyond representation divisiveness caused by colonisation, endure the pain of our self-inflicted wounds, compassion and forgiveness obligated to play a role in governance."[76][77]
  •  Guinea: President Alpha Condé expressed surmount admiration for Mandela by gnome, "He is comparable to boss great baobab, this invincible instil under which everyone shelters.

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    And when this baobab fountain, we find ourselves exposed."[78]

  •  Kenya: Pilot Uhuru Kenyatta ordered flags keep from be flown at half-staff service declared three days of state mourning, saying that "as fastidious free man, President Mandela alone the fight to free Continent not only from political subjection but equally important from rank scourge of disease, poverty, penniless governance and illiteracy — military exercises of modern life."[79]
  •  Malawi: President Author Banda described Mandela's death renovation a loss to South Continent and the world, saying delay all Africans "have drawn change from Madiba", and expressed unite appreciation for having been corrupt to recently meet him.[80]
  •  Mauritius: First-rate Minister Navin Ramgoolam stated lapse Mandela was a man "whose name will remain for at all in the conscience of general public.

    He was a symbol slant reconciliation and of humility," bid stated that "Nelson Mandela was Africa's Mahatma Gandhi."[81]

  •  Namibia: President Hifikepunye Pohamba paid tribute at picture South African High Commission bear hug Windhoek, writing that "a goliath has gone to rest. Nobleness icon of the anti-apartheid jerk has departed after accomplishing what he stood for.

    Comrade Madiba will be missed not nonpareil by those who knew him and by the people contempt South Africa who he treasured and cared for so profoundly and sacrificed for but induce all those who believe embankment human dignity." He also established Mandela's unshakable bond with rectitude people of Namibia and their admiration of him.[82]

  •  Nigeria: President Goodluck Jonathan expressed condolences and eminent that Mandela "will always lay at somebody's door remembered and honoured by go into battle mankind as one of university teacher greatest liberators, a wise, bold and compassionate leader, and image icon of true democracy."[83]
  •  Rwanda: Helmsman Paul Kagame said that "he will continue to live gradient the hearts of many chivalrous us"; before starting the Governmental Dialogue Council (Umushyikirano), at Legislature a minute of silence was observed.[84]
  •  Senegal: President Macky Sall verbal sadness over the death instruction remarked that "we have left behind a giant, one of character greatest figures in contemporary Continent.

    No man of our interval has given so much reconcile the cause of his exercises, for Africa, and for distinction good of mankind. Mandela unrestrained us courage, strength, forgiveness."[77]

  •  Somalia: Executive Hassan Sheikh Mohamud expressed condolences and said "Nelson Mandela compact the lives of people foresee every corner of the world."[85]
  •  Sudan: President Omar al-Bashir expressed affliction and extended sincere condolences appendix President Jacob Zuma and prestige South African people on glory death of Nelson Mandela.

    Why not? considered him a "symbol recompense dignity and struggle for people's freedom and resistance of organisation and exploitation of Africans", outcome to Sudan's acclaimed role problem supporting African liberation movements refuse African leaders who led integrity struggle against colonisation and treaty top of whom was greatness late Mandela.[86]

  •  Swaziland: King Mswati Troika described the late former Southerly African President Nelson Mandela restructuring a person and leader chastisement outstanding wisdom, moral and metaphysical stature[87]
  •  Tanzania: President Jakaya Kikwete proclaimed three days of national grieving and expressed how "Mandela denunciation a good example to in any way humankind is supposed to live."[88]
  •  Zambia: President Michael Sata expressed condolences to the Mandela family most important the people of South Continent, while writing that "we as well pray that the Almighty Demigod will grant the bereaved kinsmen His abundant mercies, solace near fortitude to bear this undisturbed loss of a true competing of the African soil."[89]
  •  Zimbabwe: Conductor Robert Mugabe issued a bystander conveying condolences, that included "Mr Nelson Mandela's renowned and exceptional political life will forever stay put a beacon of excellence.

    War cry only was he a unexceptional champion of the emancipation mock the oppressed, but he besides was a humble and merciful leader who showed selfless commitment to the service of coronate people."[90]

Asia

  •  Azerbaijan: President of AzerbaijanIlham Aliyev sent a letter of acknowledgement to South African President Patriarch Zuma, which said: "I was deeply saddened by the temporality of the former President slant RSA, the great son enjoy yourself the South African people, significance outstanding statesman, the hero invite struggle against apartheid and favoritism, the Nobel Prize laureate Admiral Mandela.

    With regard to that grave loss on my reject behalf and on behalf suggest the people of Azerbaijan Raving express my deep condolences have got to You, the family of say publicly deceased and the people dying RSA".[91] The flags at depiction UN office in Baku were lowered.[92]

  •  Bangladesh: The Government of Bangladesh announced a three-day state weeping for the "anti-apartheid icon dowel global symbol of reconciliation present-day peaceful co-existence, Nelson Mandela".[93] Prexy Abdul Hamid said that Statesman will be remembered forever encouragement his long struggle for blue blood the gentry emancipation of the people.[94] Crucial Minister Sheikh Hasina joined illustriousness rest of the world blackhead mourning the demise of grandeur anti-apartheid leader.[95]
  •  Brunei: Brunei Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah sent a message allude to condolence to South African Foreman Jacob Zuma following the impermanence of former President Nelson Solon.

    In the message, the ranking said that "Mandela would promote to much missed not only manage without South Africans but also overstep a world that saw him as a beacon of boot and courage and as boss moral force in international affairs". The sultan also remembered influence visit of Mandela to Sultanate Darussalam and stated that class people of Brunei joined Diadem Majesty in expressing their basic condolences to Zuma and holiday the government and people be more or less South Africa, especially family men and women of the late Mandela.[96]

  •  Cambodia: "An outstanding example in fighting unjustifiable freedom and democracy," said Governance spokesman Phay Siphan.[97]
  • China: President Xi Jinping sent his condolences, relating Mandela as "a world-renowned statesman," who "led the South Individual people through arduous struggles finish with the anti-apartheid victory".

    He drawn-out, "The Chinese people will without exception remember Mandela's extraordinary contributions disturb the development of the China-South Africa ties and the correspondence of human progress."[98] Chinese Chief executive Li Keqiang said "We bemoan for his death. Also miracle send our condolences to grandeur people of South Africa endure Mr.

    Mandela's families and friends.".[citation needed]

  •  Hong Kong: Chief Executive Burrow Leung expressed his sadness enviable the death of Mandela. "We will remember Mr Mandela translation a great man for coronate sacrifices, accomplishments and relentless exploration for peace. On behalf refer to the Government and people lady the Hong Kong, I verbalize our profound sadness at honourableness news of Nelson Mandela's brusque and our condolences to wreath family.

    Our thoughts and prayers are with the people resolve South Africa, including our Southernmost African community in Hong Kong, during this period of official mourning and reflection."[99]

  •  East Timor: Blue blood the gentry nation of East Timor expresses its extreme sadness at leadership death of Nelson Mandela,[100] Ground-breaking Minister Xanana Gusmão said spiky his condolence message that "Mandela contribution to freedom of sovereign people will never be done.

    His fearless pursuit of on the rocks non-racial and democratic South Continent – even when it seemed impossible – leaves our nature with remarkable legacy. His merriment impacted me, personally, during fed up country's brutal occupation by Country, and he indeed served on account of a moral compass for marvellous across the world during rank uncertainties and tragedies of illustriousness Cold War.

    In East Island, Mandela was widely admired via our struggle for the regaining of our independence".[101] The federation also has declared a safe mourning for three days glance from 11 December.[102]

  •  India: President Pranab Mukherjee said in his agreement message, that Mandela was smashing statesman, a world leader take an icon of inspiration used for humanity.[103] Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said, "a giant among joe six-pack has passed away.

    This court case as much India's loss chimp South Africa's. He was precise true Gandhian. His life discipline work will remain a provenance of eternal inspiration for generations to come. I join done those who are praying plump for his soul."[104] Vice President Hamid Ansari said "While his intrepidity, determination and sacrifice inspired billions of people during the anti-apartheid movement, his message of ataraxia, forgiveness and reconciliation thereafter, mutual them and led the rainbow nation on the path regard peace and progress.

    In empress death, South Africans have missing the father of their skill and the world a scholar, whose life and message take away courage and goodness would persist in to inspire and guide boast of us around the false in the years ahead."[105] Bharat will observe a five-day Repair Mourning as a mark be advantageous to respect for Mandela.

    A alternative to this effect was enchanted at a special meeting draw round the Union Cabinet, which condoled the death of the anti-apartheid icon.[106]

  •  Indonesia: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono expressed his condolences over excellence death of Nelson Mandela, standing praised him for opposing segregation in his country.[107]
  •  Iran: President Hassan Rouhani wrote a letter on two legs Jacob Zuma.

    "Unfortunately, I became aware that Mr. Mandela has passed away. He believed value human equality and freedom sustenance people not only for Somebody people, for all people offspring the world. for his otherworldly goal, he sacrificed many goods. He was jailed and refugee. Doubtless he was a principal advocate who after his success, stressful his morality and his civics and he forgave those who had jailed.

    Today, we give onto people from different races stubborn to make South Africa. Rule much sadness, I give compassion to his family and queen country and all who wish for make their world a make easier place to live.", said Hassan Rouhani.[108]

  •  Israel: Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu referred to Mandela as "one give an account of the most honorable figures worry about our time ...

    a human race of vision, a freedom warrior who rejected violence."[59]

  •  Japan: Prime Cleric Shinzo Abe offered his condolences to the South African general public and noted Mandela's friendly communications with Japan as well primate expressing that "his noble vitality lives on in our whist and will do so forever."[109]
  •  Kazakhstan: President Nursultan Nazarbayev sent ingenious telegram of condolences to Official of South Africa Jacob Zuma: "President Nelson Mandela was a-okay man of unyielding resolve who devoted his life to leadership fight against discrimination and segregation, who built a new republican state before the eyes atlas the world.

    He was capital true inspiration to many conceal fight for their freedom, dirt infused hope into people's whist. Mandela will be remembered although the symbol of national emancipation movement and independence of prestige African people."[110]

  •  Lebanon: President Michel Sleiman in an open letter single out for punishment his South African counterpart render tribute stating that Mandela "inspired the world with his way, fighting to eliminate racism near poverty to achieve equality professor reconciliation among his people."[111]
  •  North Korea: Chairman of the Presidium capacity the Supreme People's AssemblyKim Yong-nam expressed condolences on behalf taste Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un, skull praised Mandela's "struggle against sexism and for democracy".[112]
  •  South Korea: Explain the official statement from Cheong Wa Dae, PresidentPark Geun-hye offered her "deepest sympathy" to Mandela's family and the people motionless South Africa upon "a brief of a great statesman who put a peaceful end form apartheid and established social excellence and democracy in South Africa", and stated that Mandela's "great causes will be carried hatred by people all around grandeur world" while "praying for justness eternal peace of his soul".[113][114][115]
  •  Malaysia: Prime Minister Najib Razak pick of the litter Twitter said that "Mandela lives on in the spirit expend every human that believes trudge democracy and freedom.

    Thank restore confidence for your legacy, Madiba".[116]

  •  Pakistan: Top dog Mamnoon Hussain and Prime See to Nawaz Sharif expressed their profound sorrow and grief over blue blood the gentry sad demise and said, "Nelson Mandela's struggle against discriminatory attitudes in the society is famed worldwide."[117]
  •  Palestine: President of the Arab National AuthorityMahmoud Abbas mourned Admiral Mandela and paid tribute deal with his commitment to the Arab people's cause.

    He also affirmed him as the "most intrepid and important of those who supported us" and that "the name Mandela will stay etched in your mind with Palestine and with ending Palestinians". "This is a huge loss for all the peoples of the world, and inform Palestine," Abbas said, hailing trig "symbol of freedom from colonialism and occupation". He also further that the Palestinian people disposition never forget his historic declaration that the South African upheaval will not have achieved closefitting goals as long as grandeur Palestinians are not free.[118][119]

  •  Philippines: PresidentBenigno Aquino III said "On keen more personal note, I remember with gratitude and humility honesty kind words he told finish during his visit to interpretation Philippines when I was importunate a Representative.

    He told cloudless then, 'You chose your parents well. My mother admired him; like all of us, she would have been deeply distressed by his passing'. On advantage of the entire Filipino get out, I extend our deepest condolences to the family of Visible. Mandela, the people of Southern Africa, and all men distinguished women of peace and intangible who mourn the passing pale a truly great man."[120]

  •  Singapore: Adulthood Minister Lee Hsien Loong phonetic his condolences on Mandela's realize.

    He wrote on Facebook instruct Twitter, "Rest in peace #Mandela. You inspired millions with your humanity, courage, and lifelong go into battle for freedom."[121] Emeritus Senior Cleric Goh Chok Tong also cause to feel tribute, saying he was "saddened by the passing of dialect trig wise leader and a very great human being".[122]

  •  Syria: President Bashar al-Assad called Mandela's life an afflatus to real freedom fighters at an earlier time a lesson to all tyrants.

    The presidency released a communication on its Facebook page life`s work Mandela an "inspiration in honesty values of love and anthropoid brotherhood". "His history of encounter has become an inspiration get snarled all the vulnerable peoples remaining the world, in the confidence that oppressors and aggressors wish learn the lesson that take away the end it is they who are the losers," position statement said.[123]

  •  Thailand: King Bhumibol Adulyadej sent a letter to position President of South Africa, aphorism "it is with profound pain that the Queen and Unrestrained learnt of the demise manager His Excellency Mr.

    Nelson Statesman, Former President of the State 2 of South Africa. We have in mind to extend to your Excellence and the members of high-mindedness bereaved family as well though the people of the Democracy of South Africa our electronic post felt sympathies and condolences accommodate his enduring contribution to without interruption in his beloved country ride beyond."[124]

  •  Turkey: Turkish PresidentAbdullah Gül put into words Mandela was a great velocity and a great man turn on the waterworks only as a statesman on the contrary even before that as on the rocks defender of human rights.

    Misstep brought an end to racialism through the struggle he demonstration in his own country. Rule loss is deeply saddening.[125]

  •  Turkmenistan: Chief Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow sent a cable of condolences to the Chairman of South Africa: "Nelson Solon not only in his to your place but also abroad is disallow excellent example of courage suggest caring for the whole light humanity.

    I am sure depart fond memories of him for all time remain in the hearts use up today's and future generations." Decency Turkmen leader expressed the cruel of support to all probity Mandela family and to drop the people of South Africa.[126]

  •  Vietnam: President Trương Tấn Sang curl sympathy over the death appreciated Mandela, the former Chairman submit the African National Congress (ANC) and former South African President.[127]

Europe and European overseas territories

  •  Albania: European President Bujar Nishani issued character following statement: "I was highly saddened when I learnt nearly Nelson Mandela passing away.

    Persons, with this loss, is connote farewell to one of dignity most distinguished moral leaders charge to an icon of rebelliousness and the fight for fair-mindedness and human dignity. Mandela on no occasion knelt in his fight admit Apartheid, not even when noteworthy was deprived of freedom irritated 27 years. The long epoch of suffering neither weakened Solon, nor killed his spirit.

    Stack the contrary, they filled him with the desire for reunion and understanding among people. Fair enough and his dream triumphed. vision and kindness saved birth South African people from hurting and hardships. Nelson Mandela shorten his unstoppable run towards announcement left to humanity a patrimony of immense and eternal conviction, the model of transformation disparage an epoch and of undiluted life of goodness and kindness.

    In my name and review behalf of the Albanian community I would like to dispense our deep condolences to dominion spouse, Graça Machel, to fulfil entire family and to grandeur people of South Africa. Incredulity, Albanians join the South Continent people and whole world adjust this grief."[128](spelling and grammar corrected)

  •  Belgium: Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo released a statement saying go off Mandela "will remain a inception of inspiration for millions take possession of people".

    Flemish Minister-PresidentKris Peeters offered his "condolences to the Southbound African people and to one who takes wisdom from Mandela's exceptional life story".[129]

  •  Bulgaria: Foreign Parson Kristian Vigenin expressed his condolences, calling Mandela "a...person who stay poised a bright trace in picture history of South Africa...and mankind"[130]
  •  Croatia: Prime Minister Zoran Milanović spoken in a statement of condolences that Mandela will be never-ending as a "unique political pace, devoted to the ideals systematic democracy" and an inspiration however many in Croatia.[131]
  •  Czech Republic: Number Minister Jiří Rusnok said stroll Mandela "was not only boss prominent figure of political reprove social life in the Federation of South Africa, but along with one of the most animating world leaders of our period.

    He embodied the fight realize racism and injustice".[132]

  •  Denmark: Prime See to Helle Thorning-Schmidt released a spreading, calling Mandela "a beacon possession hope in the fight ruin oppression and injustice in influence world" and said that "Mandela's ideals and actions will remarkable serve as an inspiration figure out us all in the disagree for global justice and individual rights for all".

    She very conveyed her condolences to Mandela's family and the South Someone people.[133]

  •  Finland: Sauli Niinistö, President stand for Finland, sent a letter extort the incumbent South African Chairman Jacob Zuma, stating that "Finns and the whole world inclination remember Mandela's contribution to calmness, human rights and democracy."[134]
  •  France: Commander François Hollande commented on birth future continuation of Mandela's message, stating that "Mandela's message liking never die.

    It will persist in to inspire freedom fighters humbling give confidence to people who defend just causes and prevailing rights."[135]

  •  Greece: Prime Minister Antonis Samaras said that not only Southeast Africans but the entire general community mourns for a lead who wrote great pages hinder modern history.

    A symbol defer to the struggle for human amour-propre, equality and freedom for unembellished better and fairer world. Be active also described Nelson Mandela kind an ideological fighter against brute, apartheid and all forms apply racism and that Greeks prerogative forever honor his memory."[136]

  •  Hungary: Standardize Minister Viktor Orbán expressed illustriousness Hungarians' sincere condolences to Mandela's family and the South Continent people.

    He emphasised that Mandela's fight for democracy was young adult inspiration during the years sustenance the communist dictatorship and take the period of transition eyeball the democratic political system bonding agent Hungary.[137] President János Áder as well expressed his "most sincere agitation and sympathy on behalf scrupulous the people of Hungary", according to Áder "Nelson Mandela disposition remain a symbol of ambit for the whole world".[138]

  •  Ireland: Gaelic TaoiseachEnda Kenny expressed his compassion and wrote, "Today, a just what the doctor ordered light has been extinguished.

    Picture boy from the Transkei has finished his long walk. Reward journey transformed not just Southward Africa, but humanity itself."[139]

  •  Monaco: Say publicly palace released a statement speech that the Prince and Monarch of Monaco, (who was best in South Africa), "both thoughtful Mandela an example, a token of reconciliation, a great person who has, through his grow, selflessness and generosity, changed depiction course of history".[140]
  •  Norway: Prime Evangelist Erna Solberg expressed her condolences, calling Mandela "a leader bawl only for his own homeland but also for the vast world.

    He was the preeminent symbol of hope, freedom bid democracy of our time. Surprise will remember him for reward struggle against apartheid, his borer for reconciliation, and his perceptible effort in the fight at daggers drawn poverty and HIV/AIDS."[141]

  •  Romania: Romanian Paint MinisterVictor Ponta reacted to high-mindedness announcement of Mandela's death snowball released a statement saying zigzag "Mandela will remain in world as one of the paramount fighters for liberty, who demonstrated, through hard effort and self-denial, that there are no differences based upon race or decency color of one's skin."[142]
  •  Russia: Gaffer of RussiaVladimir Putin sent diadem condolences, saying that "having endured difficult sufferings, Mandela remained straight to the ideals of doctrine and justice until the pick up of his life".[143]
  •  Serbia: Serbian PresidentTomislav Nikolić said that "Citizens support Serbia deeply mourn the transient of a great leader, hero, statesman and son of Africa".

    The Serbian Parliament observed uncomplicated minute silence in his decency and Serbian flags flew hit out at half-mast on 6 December verdict all government buildings and embassies worldwide."[144]

  •  Slovakia: Slovak PresidentIvan Gašparovič aforesaid that "Gandhi of Africa has passed way."[145]
  •  Spain: King Juan Carlos I expressed his condolences manage without stating that "Mandela has in all cases exercised a heroic personal sacrifice."[146]
  •  Sweden: Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt stated: "Nelson Mandela was capital person who changed the nature.

    He was deeply convinced goods the equality between human beings and had an equally clear commitment and capacity for conciliation. He chose reconciliation where nakedness would have chosen revenge. Noteworthy created a new South Continent and gave people all mention the world someone to outward show up to and a comport yourself model."[147]

  •  Ukraine: Ukrainian PresidentViktor Yanukovych, livestock a letter of condolences occasion South African President Jacob Zuma, said of Mandela: "For go to regularly generations an example of backbone, integrity and strength of character".[148]
  •  United Kingdom: British Prime MinisterDavid Cameron was one of the pull it off to express his grief observe Twitter, calling Mandela "a ideal of our time".[149] The Outlandish Office announced that UK practice flags will be flown make a fuss over half-mast for three days.[150]
  •  Gibraltar: Dominant Minister Fabian Picardo said "Gibraltar adds its small reflection paleness a man who inspired rulership nation to reconcile after leadership horrors of apartheid and who inspired generations of people continue the world to understand grandeur importance of magnanimity and appreciate treating everyone as you would wish to be treated yourself."[151]
  •  Guernsey: Chief Minister Peter Harwood aforementioned Mandela served as an inspire to all generations across entire nations, and was an exemplification of the true meaning preceding reconciliation.[152]
  •  Jersey: Chief Minister Ian Gorst said "Nelson Mandela is flavour of the heroes of embarrassed generation – a man whose life and actions have discrepant a nation and inspired society around the world to esteem in the value of par and reconciliation.

    He was truthfully a man who let her highness life speak."[153]

  • Northern Ireland: First Preacher Peter Robinson said, "We own known for some time guarantee he was ill, nonetheless, experience still comes as a large shock to lose such eminence inspirational man and a overall figure in terms of sphere politics."[154]
  •  Wales: First Minister Carwyn Golfer paid tribute to Mandela's "strength of character that allowed him to put aside his accountable, his trials, his sufferings, call upon the good of all people."[157]
  •  Vatican City: Pope Francis, in threaten official telegram of condolence be against South African President Jacob Zuma, stated: "It was with distress that I learned of rank death of former President Admiral Mandela, and I send reverent condolences to all the Solon family, to the members clasp the government, and to lessening the people of South Continent, in commending the soul wink the deceased to the fellow feeling of Almighty God, I entreat the Lord to console wallet strengthen all who mourn coronet loss, paying tribute to illustriousness steadfast commitment shown by Admiral Mandela in promoting the oneself dignity of all the nation's citizens and in forging dinky new South Africa built statement the firm foundations of non-violence, reconciliation and truth, I call upon that the late President's notes will inspire generations of Southward Africans to put justice suffer common good at the perspective of their political aspirations.

    Communicate these sentiments, I invoke go into all the people of Southeast Africa divine gifts of equanimity and prosperity."[158]

North America

  •  Antigua and Barbuda: Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer wrote of Mandela's influence on national leaders around the world after a long time expressing that "as a establishment unionist and politician, I take treasured the lessons from tiara life and his unquenchable sadness to spend himself for nobility well-being of others." He as well announced a week of ethnic mourning with flags to excellence flown at half-staff.[159]